精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A patient at risk of suicide is admitted. Which environmental check is most important?
A 10-year-old eats only a few foods and refuses others because he fears choking after a frightening episode. He is losing weight but has no concerns about body shape. Which diagnosis fits best?
关于抑郁的单胺假说,哪项说法最准确?
艾伦和阿兹林在精神科病房引入了代币制。其主要发现和局限是什么?
ACE 抑制剂如何降低血压?
哪一对不良反应是长期使用胺碘酮的特征性表现?
答案: B · Remove items that could be used for self-harm, such as belts, cords and sharp objects
A safe environment removes potential ligatures and sharp objects and limits access to medicines. Patients at high risk are usually placed where staff can observe them easily.
答案: C · Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID)
ARFID involves avoiding or restricting food because of sensory features, lack of interest or fear of consequences such as choking, leading to weight loss or nutritional problems. Unlike anorexia, there is no disturbance in body image.
答案: C · 它把抑郁与单胺活性低联系起来,但难以解释药物起效的延迟
该假说源于药物对单胺的作用。起效前数周的延迟提示,受体适应等下游变化也起作用。
答案: A · 目标行为增加,但效果往往不能泛化到病房之外
代币制增加了长期住院患者的自理和劳动行为,但没有强化时这些改变往往会消退,而且这种方法引发了关于控制的伦理担忧。
答案: A · 阻断血管紧张素 I 转化为血管紧张素 II
ACE 抑制剂(如雷米普利)减少血管紧张素 II,使血管扩张、醛固酮减少。它们还减少缓激肽的降解,这解释了干咳。
答案: D · 甲状腺功能异常和肺纤维化
胺碘酮富含碘并在组织中蓄积,可引起甲状腺功能减退或亢进、肺纤维化、肝损伤、光敏感和角膜沉积。其他几对分别符合氨基糖苷类、苯妥英和 ACE 抑制剂。
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing