精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

Why is the nurse's body language important in therapeutic communication?

  1. AIt is only important during the termination phase
  2. BPatients with mental illness cannot understand non-verbal signals
  3. CPatients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used
  4. DBody language matters only when patients cannot speak the same language
2.精神科护理困难

A patient who stopped drinking 24 hours ago has a generalised tonic-clonic seizure in bed. What is the nurse's first action?

  1. ARestrain his arms and legs to stop the movements
  2. BPut something in his mouth to stop him biting his tongue
  3. CGive oral thiamine with a glass of water
  4. DProtect the airway and keep him safe from injury
3.临床心理学中等

行为激活治疗抑郁主要通过：

  1. A让当事人循序渐进地接触所恐惧的身体感觉
  2. B详细探讨童年冲突
  3. C增加对有奖赏性和有价值活动的投入
  4. D安排一段时间的完全休息
4.临床心理学困难

一名长期大量饮酒者出现意识混乱、步态不稳和眼球运动异常。必须紧急治疗哪种缺乏？

  1. A维生素 C
  2. B铁
  3. C维生素 D
  4. D硫胺素（维生素 B1）
5.药理学中等

How should a topical corticosteroid cream usually be applied?

  1. AAs a thick layer over the whole body
  2. BOn broken, infected skin to speed healing
  3. CAs a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed
  4. DUnder a tight plastic dressing every night without advice
6.药理学困难

Which strategy is most effective at preventing errors with IV insulin infusions?

  1. AUsing insulin syringes to measure large IV volumes
  2. BAn independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library
  3. CWriting "U" for units on the order
  4. DPreparing insulin infusions in advance and leaving them unlabelled

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: C · Patients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used

为什么是这个答案

Posture, eye contact, facial expression and tone carry much of the message. When words and body language do not match, patients tend to believe the non-verbal message.

答案

C · Patients often respond more to non-verbal messages than to the words used
2.精神科护理

答案: D · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury

为什么是这个答案

During a seizure, the nurse protects the airway, removes nearby hazards, does not restrain or put anything in the mouth, and calls for help. Alcohol withdrawal seizures are most likely in the first 48 hours.

答案

D · Protect the airway and keep him safe from injury
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 增加对有奖赏性和有价值活动的投入

为什么是这个答案

行为激活安排能带来愉悦感或掌控感的活动，打破退缩与强化不足的循环。它是一种有循证依据的抑郁治疗方法。

答案

C · 增加对有奖赏性和有价值活动的投入
4.临床心理学

答案: D · 硫胺素（维生素 B1）

为什么是这个答案

韦尼克脑病由硫胺素缺乏引起，表现为意识混乱、共济失调和眼部体征。若不治疗，可发展为伴有严重遗忘和虚构的科尔萨科夫综合征。

答案

D · 硫胺素（维生素 B1）
5.药理学

答案: C · As a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed

为什么是这个答案

Thin application to affected skin limits systemic absorption and skin atrophy. Occlusive dressings increase absorption and are used only when prescribed.

答案

C · As a thin layer to the affected area only, as directed
6.药理学

答案: B · An independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library

为什么是这个答案

Independent double checks, standard concentrations and smart pumps with dose limits reduce insulin errors. "U" for units is avoided because it can be misread as a zero.

答案

B · An independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library

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