精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A patient with dependent personality disorder asks the nurse to choose her clothes and meals every day. What is an appropriate nursing goal?
A patient finds clothes in her wardrobe she does not remember buying, has gaps in her memory and is called by different names by people she does not know. Which condition is most likely?
哪项说法最能区分强迫型人格障碍(OCPD)与强迫症?
心理治疗研究中的"渡渡鸟裁决"是指以下哪项发现?
Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?
为什么庆大霉素的给药需要监测血药浓度?
答案: A · The patient will make small everyday decisions on her own
People with dependent personality disorder have an excessive need to be cared for and difficulty making decisions. Nursing care encourages and praises small independent decisions to build confidence.
答案: B · Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder involves two or more distinct personality states with recurrent gaps in memory. It is strongly linked to severe, repeated trauma in childhood. It is different from schizophrenia, which is a psychotic disorder.
答案: C · 在 OCPD 中,完美主义和刻板通常被体验为自我中可接受的部分
OCPD 是一种普遍的完美主义、讲究秩序和控制的模式,当事人认为这是恰当的(自我协调)。强迫症的强迫观念则是不想要的、令人痛苦的(自我不协调)。
答案: A · 各种真正的心理疗法往往产生大致相似的效果
元分析常发现成熟疗法之间的差异很小,这被视为支持治疗联盟等共同因素的证据。但强迫症和恐惧症等障碍显示,暴露等特定疗法具有明显优势。
答案: B · Cumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
Anthracyclines such as doxorubicin can damage heart muscle, and the risk increases with cumulative dose. Heart function is assessed before and during treatment; the drug can also turn urine red.
答案: D · 它有肾毒性和耳毒性,且治疗指数窄
庆大霉素等氨基糖苷类可损伤肾脏和内耳。它们经肾清除,肾功能受损时浓度升高,因此需要监测。
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing