精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

新题目返回课程

在打印窗口中选择“另存为 PDF”，即可在设备上保存一份副本。

1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

一名患者说：“我一无是处。没有人关心我。”哪种回应最具治疗性？

  1. A“我们聊点更愉快的事吧。”
  2. B“你不该说这样的话。”
  3. C“这不是真的；这里每个人都关心你。”
  4. D“你觉得没有人关心你。再多跟我说说。”
2.精神科护理困难

A man whose wife died a month ago is rude and angry with the nurses about small things. What is the best understanding of his behaviour?

  1. AHe has antisocial personality disorder that was not noticed before
  2. BHe does not care about his wife's death and is using it as an excuse to be rude
  3. CHis anger may be part of grief, displaced onto staff, so she should not take it personally
  4. DHe should be told that his behaviour is unacceptable and that visits will be stopped
3.临床心理学中等

一个人回避公交车、商店、空旷的停车场和排队，因为一旦惊恐发作可能难以逃离。哪种诊断最合适？

  1. A社交焦虑障碍
  2. B作为特定恐惧症的幽闭恐惧症
  3. C广场恐惧症
  4. D广泛性焦虑障碍
4.临床心理学困难

一名学生相信"如果我不完美，我就一文不值"。在贝克的模型中，这一信念最恰当的归类是：

  1. A精神分裂症的阴性症状
  2. B一种称为升华的防御机制，把痛苦引向受社会重视的工作
  3. C使人易感的功能失调性假设或核心信念
  4. D需要使用抗精神病药的幻觉
5.药理学中等

Which blood test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?

  1. AActivated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)
  2. BINR (prothrombin time)
  3. CSerum albumin
  4. DPlatelet count
6.药理学困难

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

  1. AIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
  2. BIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
  3. CIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
  4. DIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: D · “你觉得没有人关心你。再多跟我说说。”

为什么是这个答案

反映是承认患者的感受并鼓励其继续说下去。反驳、不赞成或转移话题都会阻碍沟通。

答案

D · “你觉得没有人关心你。再多跟我说说。”
2.精神科护理

答案: C · His anger may be part of grief, displaced onto staff, so she should not take it personally

为什么是这个答案

Anger is a common part of grief and may be directed at staff who are safer targets. The nurse responds calmly, sets limits if needed and invites him to talk about his loss.

答案

C · His anger may be part of grief, displaced onto staff, so she should not take it personally
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 广场恐惧症

为什么是这个答案

广场恐惧症是对至少两类情境（公共交通、开放空间、封闭空间、人群或排队、独自外出）的恐惧，因为在这些情境中可能无法逃离或得不到帮助。

答案

C · 广场恐惧症
4.临床心理学

答案: C · 使人易感的功能失调性假设或核心信念

为什么是这个答案

贝克区分了表层的负性自动思维与更深层的图式和条件性假设。这类信念处于潜伏状态，直到被与之相符的应激源（如失败）激活。

答案

C · 使人易感的功能失调性假设或核心信念
5.药理学

答案: B · INR (prothrombin time)

为什么是这个答案

Warfarin is monitored with the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. For most indications, such as atrial fibrillation or venous thrombosis, the target is usually 2–3.

答案

B · INR (prothrombin time)
6.药理学

答案: C · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures

为什么是这个答案

Norpethidine is excreted by the kidney and is a CNS stimulant. When it accumulates, it causes tremor, agitation and seizures, so other opioids are preferred.

答案

C · Its metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing