精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

How does conduct disorder differ from oppositional defiant disorder?

  1. AConduct disorder involves only arguing with adults and losing one's temper
  2. BThe two disorders are exactly the same and differ only in the age at which they are diagnosed
  3. COppositional defiant disorder includes serious physical aggression towards animals
  4. DConduct disorder involves violating others' rights, such as cruelty, theft or fire setting
2.精神科护理困难

一名服用 MAOI 的患者从聚会回来，出现后脑勺剧烈头痛、颈部僵硬和心悸。护士应首先做什么？

  1. A测量血压并紧急通知开医嘱者
  2. B给她一杯浓咖啡缓解头痛
  3. C提前给她下一剂 MAOI
  4. D建议她躺下睡一觉就好
3.临床心理学中等

暴露与反应预防是哪种障碍的主要心理治疗方法？

  1. A双相障碍
  2. B失眠
  3. C强迫症
  4. D注意缺陷多动障碍
4.临床心理学困难

一名 22 岁的人出现幻觉和妄想两个月，之后症状完全消失，期间没有心境发作。哪种诊断最合适？

  1. A精神分裂症样障碍
  2. B短暂精神病性障碍
  3. C精神分裂症
  4. D分裂情感性障碍
5.药理学中等

How should oral potassium chloride tablets be taken?

  1. ALying down straight after the dose
  2. BCrushed and dissolved under the tongue
  3. CWith food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
  4. DOn an empty stomach with only a small sip of water, then lie down
6.药理学困难

Which statement about raloxifene for postmenopausal osteoporosis is correct?

  1. AIt has no effect on the risk of blood clots
  2. BIt is a bisphosphonate taken weekly with water
  3. CIt acts like oestrogen in all tissues, including the breast, and relieves hot flushes
  4. DIt acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: D · Conduct disorder involves violating others' rights, such as cruelty, theft or fire setting

为什么是这个答案

Oppositional defiant disorder involves angry, argumentative and defiant behaviour. Conduct disorder is more serious, with aggression, destruction of property, deceit, theft or serious violation of rules.

答案

D · Conduct disorder involves violating others' rights, such as cruelty, theft or fire setting
2.精神科护理

答案: A · 测量血压并紧急通知开医嘱者

为什么是这个答案

这些是高血压危象的征象。应测量血压，对她进行观察，并紧急寻求医疗帮助。咖啡因会使情况更糟。

答案

A · 测量血压并紧急通知开医嘱者
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 强迫症

为什么是这个答案

ERP 让患者接触强迫的诱发因素，同时阻止强迫行为，使焦虑在不执行仪式的情况下下降。

答案

C · 强迫症
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 精神分裂症样障碍

为什么是这个答案

精神分裂症样障碍具有精神分裂症的症状，但持续一到六个月。病程是区分它与短暂精神病性障碍和精神分裂症的主要特征。

答案

A · 精神分裂症样障碍
5.药理学

答案: C · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release

为什么是这个答案

Oral potassium can cause nausea and, if a tablet lodges, ulceration of the oesophagus or gut. Taking it with food and plenty of water and staying upright reduces this; levels are monitored.

答案

C · With food and plenty of water, swallowed whole if slow-release
6.药理学

答案: D · It acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk

为什么是这个答案

Raloxifene preserves bone density and reduces the risk of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. It can worsen hot flushes and increases the risk of venous thromboembolism.

答案

D · It acts like oestrogen on bone but blocks oestrogen in the breast, and raises clot risk

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