精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
一名患者使用“glimpotrance”这个词,并解释说它的意思是控制他思想的力量。这是什么?
A patient with schizophrenia has marked negative symptoms. He stays in bed most of the day and neglects his hygiene. Which nursing approach is most helpful?
一个人每天花几个小时担心鼻子上的一个小斑点很丑,不停地照镜子,而别人看不出有任何问题。哪种诊断合适?
一位强迫症来访者出门前要检查炉子二十次。根据认知行为模型,为什么检查会维持这种障碍?
为什么布洛芬等 NSAIDs 会增加胃溃疡风险?
A patient taking long-term morphine for cancer pain becomes very sedated with slow breathing. Why is naloxone given in small, diluted doses?
答案: B · 新语症
新语症是自创的词,或被赋予私人含义的真实词汇,是思维紊乱的征象。
答案: A · Agree a simple daily routine with small, achievable activities and give positive feedback
Negative symptoms such as avolition and anhedonia improve with structure, step-by-step goals and encouragement. Punishment or waiting for the patient to start on his own usually makes withdrawal worse.
答案: A · 躯体变形障碍
躯体变形障碍是对外貌上轻微或无法观察到的"缺陷"的过度关注,伴有照镜子或寻求安慰等重复行为。
答案: D · 检查后的解脱感强化了检查,并阻碍其认识到恐惧没有根据
强迫行为因短期的解脱而得到负强化,并使当事人无法认识到焦虑会自行下降。这就是 ERP 要阻止仪式行为的原因。
答案: A · 它们减少胃黏膜中的保护性前列腺素
NSAIDs 抑制 COX-1,减少维持胃黏膜黏液、碳酸氢盐分泌和血流的前列腺素。
答案: D · To restore breathing without causing severe withdrawal and pain
In opioid-dependent patients, a large dose of naloxone can cause abrupt withdrawal, severe pain and agitation. Small titrated doses aim to restore adequate breathing while keeping some analgesia.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing