精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A 78-year-old woman who started citalopram two weeks ago is newly confused and drowsy. Which laboratory result would best explain this?
During a session, a patient asks the nurse, "Are you married? Do you have children?" Which response is most appropriate?
一个人对同事怀有强烈的敌意,却对他表现得过分友好。这体现了哪种防御机制?
哪项证据最能支持 CBT 是焦虑障碍的有效治疗,而不只是安慰剂效应?
A nurse realises that a patient has been given the wrong dose of a medicine. What is the first action?
某药分布容积为 40 L,生物利用度为 100%。要达到 2 mg/L 的目标血浆浓度,负荷剂量应为多少?
答案: C · A low serum sodium
SSRIs can cause hyponatraemia through SIADH, especially in older adults. Confusion, falls and drowsiness after starting an SSRI should prompt a sodium check.
答案: A · Answer briefly or decline politely, then return the focus to the patient
Patients often ask personal questions out of curiosity or to make the relationship more equal. A brief answer or a polite refusal, followed by redirecting to the patient's concerns, maintains boundaries without rejecting the patient.
答案: D · 反向形成
反向形成把无法接受的冲动转变为其对立面,而且往往表现得很夸张。
答案: D · 随机试验表明 CBT 优于可信的注意-安慰剂对照条件
证明优于可信的安慰剂对照,就排除了非特异性因素是唯一解释的可能。许多试验和元分析都报告了 CBT 治疗焦虑障碍的这一结果。
答案: C · Assess the patient for effects of the error
The first priority is to assess and monitor the patient, then inform the prescriber so treatment can be given if needed. The error is documented factually and reported through the incident system.
答案: A · 80 mg
负荷剂量 = 40 L × 2 mg/L = 80 mg。负荷剂量取决于 Vd,而维持剂量取决于清除率。
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