精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which feature helps distinguish normal grief from major depression?
一名强迫症患者进行了很长的洗手仪式,错过了早餐。最佳的初始应对是什么?
一名女性三年来大部分日子里一天中的大部分时间都情绪低落,但程度未达到重性抑郁。哪种 DSM-5 诊断最合适?
临床心理学中的"科学家—实践者"(博尔德)模式意味着临床工作者应当:
A patient given haloperidol develops a sudden painful twisting of the neck and the eyes roll upward. Which drug is usually given?
A breastfeeding mother needs a mild analgesic. Which drug is generally considered compatible with breastfeeding?
答案: A · In grief, painful feelings come in waves and self-esteem is usually kept
In grief, sadness tends to come in waves linked to reminders of the loss, and positive memories and humour are possible. Pervasive worthlessness, self-loathing and hopelessness suggest depression.
答案: B · 给予仪式的时间,围绕它安排日程,并与患者一起逐步限制
仪式可减轻严重的焦虑。突然阻止会造成痛苦。护士应在日程中安排时间,支持暴露与反应预防等治疗,并帮助患者逐渐减少仪式。
答案: D · 持续性抑郁障碍(心境恶劣)
成人持续性抑郁障碍要求抑郁心境至少持续两年,并伴有食欲差、精力不足或绝望感等其他症状。
答案: C · 以研究证据指导实践,并评估自己的干预效果
博尔德模式培养临床心理学家把科学研究与临床实践结合起来,这是循证实践的基础。
答案: A · An anticholinergic such as benzatropine (benztropine)
Acute dystonia is caused by dopamine blockade, which leaves acetylcholine activity relatively high. An IM or IV anticholinergic usually relieves it within minutes.
答案: B · Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
Paracetamol passes into milk in small amounts and is widely regarded as safe. Codeine can cause dangerous opioid levels in babies of ultra-rapid metaboliser mothers, aspirin carries a Reye's risk and pethidine's metabolite accumulates in infants.
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