精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
In the termination phase of the nurse–patient relationship, which behaviour is common and should be expected?
An 83-year-old becomes confused and constipated and cannot pass urine. She takes amitriptyline, oxybutynin and an over-the-counter sleep aid with diphenhydramine. What is the most likely cause?
服用单胺氧化酶抑制剂(MAOI)的患者必须避免富含酪胺的食物,因为:
关于文化因素的研究表明,日本的"对人恐惧症"(taijin kyofusho)主要是害怕:
Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?
哪类药物与 ACE 抑制剂合用可能导致危及生命的高钾血症?
答案: D · The patient may show anger, sadness or a return of earlier symptoms
Ending a relationship can trigger feelings of loss, so regression, anger or sadness are common. The nurse prepares the patient for the ending from the start and helps them talk about these feelings.
答案: C · The combined anticholinergic effects of her medicines
Several drugs with anticholinergic effects add up, increasing the risk of delirium, constipation and urinary retention in older adults. A medicine review aims to reduce the total anticholinergic burden.
答案: C · 两者合用可导致血压危险地升高
MAO 正常时分解食物中的酪胺。它被抑制后,酪胺可引发高血压危象,因此使用 MAOI 需要饮食限制。
答案: C · 因自己的外貌或行为冒犯他人或使他人难堪
对人恐惧症是一种文化性痛苦概念,当事人害怕自己的目光、气味或外貌会冒犯他人。它说明文化塑造了焦虑的表现方式。
答案: D · They can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
In aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, COX inhibition increases leukotriene production, causing bronchospasm. These patients should avoid aspirin and other non-selective NSAIDs.
答案: D · 保钾利尿剂,如螺内酯
ACE 抑制剂降低醛固酮,螺内酯阻断其受体;两者合用减少钾排泄,可能使血钾危险升高。
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