精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

In a therapy group, one member talks constantly and interrupts others. What should the group leader do?

  1. AAcknowledge the member's contribution and invite others to share their views
  2. BCriticise the member in front of the whole group so that she learns to stay quiet
  3. CAsk the member to leave the group permanently so that others can speak
  4. DLet the member continue, because she has a lot to say
2.精神科护理困难

An older woman living with her son looks thin and unkempt. She says her son "looks after the money" and she is often hungry. What should the nurse do?

  1. ATalk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
  2. BAsk the son in front of her whether he is stealing her money
  3. CTell her that she must move out of her son's home at once and stay with friends until the matter is sorted out
  4. DIgnore it, because family finances are a private matter
3.临床心理学中等

哪种异常标准在某种行为在人群中罕见时就判定其为异常？

  1. A不能充分发挥功能
  2. B偏离社会规范
  3. C偏离理想的心理健康
  4. D统计上的罕见性
4.临床心理学困难

按固定顺序提出一组固定问题以得出诊断的访谈称为：

  1. A非结构化访谈
  2. B投射测验
  3. C结构化临床访谈
  4. D自由联想会谈
5.药理学中等

What should the nurse teach a patient about taking levothyroxine?

  1. ATake it together with the iron tablet to save time
  2. BTake it with milk at dinner, as calcium protects the stomach lining
  3. CTake it only on days when feeling tired
  4. DTake it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast
6.药理学困难

为什么建议使用长效硝酸酯类药物的患者每天有几小时的无硝酸酯期？

  1. A防止对硝酸酯产生耐受
  2. B让肝脏从毒性中恢复
  3. C降低出血风险
  4. D避免硝酸酯在脂肪组织中蓄积

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: A · Acknowledge the member's contribution and invite others to share their views

为什么是这个答案

The leader manages a monopolising member by acknowledging her and redirecting to others, and may discuss it privately. This keeps the group safe and gives everyone a chance to take part.

答案

A · Acknowledge the member's contribution and invite others to share their views
2.精神科护理

答案: A · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern

为什么是这个答案

Signs of financial abuse and neglect require a private conversation, careful documentation and reporting through safeguarding procedures. Confrontation could increase the risk to her.

答案

A · Talk to her privately, document the findings and raise an adult safeguarding concern
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 统计上的罕见性

为什么是这个答案

统计罕见性把远离平均水平的行为定义为异常。其缺点是有些罕见特质（如极高的智商）是令人向往的。

答案

D · 统计上的罕见性
4.临床心理学

答案: C · 结构化临床访谈

为什么是这个答案

SCID 等结构化访谈提出与诊断标准相对应的标准问题，比非结构化访谈具有更高的信度。

答案

C · 结构化临床访谈
5.药理学

答案: D · Take it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast

为什么是这个答案

Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach, and calcium, iron and antacids should be taken some hours apart. It is taken every day, usually for life.

答案

D · Take it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast
6.药理学

答案: A · 防止对硝酸酯产生耐受

为什么是这个答案

血药浓度恒定时，对硝酸酯的耐受很快产生。采用不对称给药方案或夜间揭去贴片可以保持其疗效。

答案

A · 防止对硝酸酯产生耐受

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