精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

The parents of a 9-year-old starting methylphenidate ask about side effects. What should the nurse teach?

  1. AGive it in the morning, and watch for poor appetite, weight loss and trouble sleeping
  2. BGive it just before bedtime so that it works overnight
  3. CIt causes weight gain, so offer fewer snacks during the day
  4. DIt is sedating, so expect the child to sleep more and to be drowsy during lessons at school
2.精神科护理困难

A nurse is teaching a patient who has started haloperidol for schizophrenia. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

  1. A"I'll avoid alcohol while I'm taking this medicine."
  2. B"I should get up slowly if I feel dizzy."
  3. C"I should tell the nurse if my neck or jaw muscles feel stiff."
  4. D"I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."
3.临床心理学中等

根据克拉克的惊恐认知模型，惊恐发作源于：

  1. A本我与超我之间围绕被禁止冲动的潜意识冲突
  2. B日常生活中缺乏有奖赏性的活动
  3. C害怕被他人评价
  4. D对正常身体感觉的灾难化误解
4.临床心理学困难

治疗师让来访者评估支持和反对"我总是失败"这一想法的证据。这是什么技术？

  1. A系统脱敏
  2. B代币制
  3. C自由联想
  4. D认知重构
5.药理学中等

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

  1. AAs a slow infusion over one hour
  2. BAs a tablet under the tongue
  3. CAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
  4. DAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
6.药理学困难

Why is clavulanic acid combined with amoxicillin (co-amoxiclav)?

  1. AIt reduces the risk of penicillin allergy
  2. BIt slows the kidney excretion of amoxicillin
  3. CIt makes amoxicillin cross the blood–brain barrier more easily
  4. DIt inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: A · Give it in the morning, and watch for poor appetite, weight loss and trouble sleeping

为什么是这个答案

Stimulants commonly reduce appetite and can cause insomnia, so doses are given early in the day. Height and weight are checked regularly because growth can slow.

答案

A · Give it in the morning, and watch for poor appetite, weight loss and trouble sleeping
2.精神科护理

答案: D · "I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."

为什么是这个答案

Antipsychotics are continued after symptoms improve, because stopping them early is a major cause of relapse. Any change should be discussed with the prescriber.

答案

D · "I can stop taking it as soon as the voices go away."
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 对正常身体感觉的灾难化误解

为什么是这个答案

克拉克提出，人们把心悸或头晕等感觉解释为灾难即将来临的信号，这会加剧焦虑和这些感觉，形成恶性循环。

答案

D · 对正常身体感觉的灾难化误解
4.临床心理学

答案: D · 认知重构

为什么是这个答案

认知重构识别自动思维、检验证据，并用平衡的想法取代过度概括等认知歪曲。

答案

D · 认知重构
5.药理学

答案: C · As a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush

为什么是这个答案

Adenosine must reach the heart quickly, so it is pushed rapidly into a large vein and flushed. Patients are warned about brief flushing, chest tightness and a short pause in the heartbeat.

答案

C · As a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
6.药理学

答案: D · It inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin

为什么是这个答案

Many bacteria produce beta-lactamases that inactivate penicillins. Clavulanic acid inhibits these enzymes, so amoxicillin can work against these organisms.

答案

D · It inhibits beta-lactamase enzymes that would destroy amoxicillin

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