精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
Which side effects should the nurse monitor for in a patient starting donepezil?
一名服用舍曲林的患者因疼痛被给予曲马多。数小时后,他激越、出汗、震颤,踝部出现阵挛。最可能的问题是什么?
正念认知疗法(MBCT)证据最充分的用途是:
习得性无助(塞利格曼)被提出作为哪种障碍的模型?
A transplant patient takes tacrolimus. Which monitoring is most important?
A teenager took a large overdose of diphenhydramine. He is agitated, hot, flushed and confused, with dry skin, dilated pupils and a full bladder. What is this pattern?
答案: C · Nausea, diarrhoea and a slow heart rate
Cholinesterase inhibitors increase cholinergic activity. Common effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and loss of appetite; bradycardia and fainting can also occur.
答案: D · 5-羟色胺综合征
曲马多具有 5-羟色胺能作用,与 SSRI 合用可引起 5-羟色胺综合征。应停用 5-羟色胺能药物并给予支持治疗;严重病例需要重症监护。
答案: A · 预防复发性抑郁患者的复发
MBCT 把正念练习与认知疗法相结合。试验表明,它能减少既往有三次或以上抑郁发作者的复发。
答案: B · 抑郁症
经历无法控制的厌恶事件后,动物和人即使在能够逃脱时也可能放弃尝试,这与抑郁中的被动和绝望相似。
答案: C · Blood drug levels and kidney function
Tacrolimus levels are kept in a target range to prevent rejection and toxicity. Kidney damage, hyperkalaemia, high glucose and tremor are adverse effects, and interacting drugs and grapefruit are avoided.
答案: D · Anticholinergic toxidrome
Anticholinergic toxicity causes hyperthermia, dry flushed skin, mydriasis, urinary retention, tachycardia and delirium. Dry skin helps distinguish it from serotonin syndrome and sympathomimetic poisoning, which cause sweating.
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