精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A patient lies awake in bed for hours worrying about not sleeping. Which stimulus control advice is correct?
在一次会谈中,一名患者说他打算严重伤害一位指名的邻居。正确的一般原则是什么?
一名女性三年来大部分日子里一天中的大部分时间都情绪低落,但程度未达到重性抑郁。哪种 DSM-5 诊断最合适?
一名男子说一位著名歌手暗恋他,并通过她的歌曲向他发送暗语。除此之外,他的思维和行为都正常,也没有幻觉。哪种诊断最合适?
Which blood test is used to monitor warfarin therapy?
Lithium taken in the first trimester of pregnancy has been linked to which type of birth defect?
答案: A · If still awake after about 20 minutes, get up, do something calm and return when sleepy
Stimulus control strengthens the bed as a cue for sleep. Getting up when unable to sleep, using the bed only for sleep and intimacy, and keeping a regular wake time are key parts.
答案: A · 对可确认身份者的风险必须告知团队,并可能需要依照法律和政策披露,以保护该人
对可确认身份者的严重威胁高于保密原则。护士应告知团队,记录该威胁,并遵循法律和政策规定的程序来保护该人。
答案: A · 持续性抑郁障碍(心境恶劣)
成人持续性抑郁障碍要求抑郁心境至少持续两年,并伴有食欲差、精力不足或绝望感等其他症状。
答案: D · 妄想障碍,钟情型
妄想障碍是存在一种或多种妄想至少一个月,但不符合精神分裂症的标准,且除妄想外功能没有明显受损。钟情妄想是认为另一个人爱上了自己。
答案: D · INR (prothrombin time)
Warfarin is monitored with the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. For most indications, such as atrial fibrillation or venous thrombosis, the target is usually 2–3.
答案: A · Heart malformations, such as Ebstein's anomaly
First-trimester lithium is associated with a small increased risk of cardiac malformations, classically Ebstein's anomaly. Women of childbearing age need counselling and specialist planning before pregnancy.
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