精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

新题目返回课程

在打印窗口中选择“另存为 PDF”，即可在设备上保存一份副本。

1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A woman is convinced that a famous actor she has never met is secretly in love with her and sends her signals through his films. Which type of delusion is this?

  1. ANihilistic
  2. BErotomanic
  3. CSomatic
  4. DGrandiose
2.精神科护理困难

A 15-year-old tells the school nurse she has been cutting herself and asks her not to tell her parents. What is the best response?

  1. APromise never to tell anyone about it, so that she keeps trusting the school nurse
  2. BPhone her parents at once without telling her
  3. CExplain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
  4. DTell her that cutting is a phase that many teenagers go through and it needs no help
3.临床心理学中等

一名女性三年来大部分日子里一天中的大部分时间都情绪低落，但程度未达到重性抑郁。哪种 DSM-5 诊断最合适？

  1. A双相 II 型障碍
  2. B伴抑郁心境的适应障碍
  3. C持续性抑郁障碍（心境恶劣）
  4. D环性心境障碍
4.临床心理学困难

华生和雷纳的"小艾伯特"研究常被引用来证明：

  1. A恐惧症由被压抑的潜意识冲突引起
  2. B恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得
  3. C恐惧只能通过观察他人习得
  4. D恐惧症主要是遗传的
5.药理学中等

异丙托溴铵是用于 COPD 的支气管扩张剂。它如何起作用？

  1. A阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体
  2. B它刺激气道中的 β2 肾上腺素受体
  3. C像糖皮质激素一样减轻炎症
  4. D阻断白三烯受体
6.药理学困难

A patient taking metoprolol is also started on verapamil. Which adverse effect is most likely?

  1. ARebound tachycardia and hypertension
  2. BHyperkalaemia and muscle weakness
  3. CSevere bradycardia and heart block
  4. DHypoglycaemia and weight gain

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · Erotomanic

为什么是这个答案

Erotomanic delusions are the false belief that another person, often of higher status, is in love with the patient. They can lead to stalking or unwanted contact.

答案

B · Erotomanic
2.精神科护理

答案: C · Explain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done

为什么是这个答案

Confidentiality has limits when there is risk of harm. The nurse explains this honestly, assesses risk and works with the young person on how and with whom information is shared, in line with safeguarding policy.

答案

C · Explain that safety information must be shared, and involve her in how this is done
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 持续性抑郁障碍（心境恶劣）

为什么是这个答案

成人持续性抑郁障碍要求抑郁心境至少持续两年，并伴有食欲差、精力不足或绝望感等其他症状。

答案

C · 持续性抑郁障碍（心境恶劣）
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得

为什么是这个答案

白鼠多次与巨响配对出现后，艾伯特开始害怕白鼠，而且这种恐惧泛化到了相似的物体上。这项研究现在因伦理和方法问题而受到批评。

答案

B · 恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得
5.药理学

答案: A · 阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体

为什么是这个答案

异丙托溴铵是一种吸入性抗胆碱药。它阻断迷走神经介导的支气管收缩和黏液分泌，对 COPD 尤其有用。

答案

A · 阻断气道平滑肌中的毒蕈碱受体
6.药理学

答案: C · Severe bradycardia and heart block

为什么是这个答案

Beta blockers and non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (verapamil, diltiazem) both slow heart rate and AV conduction. Together they can cause severe bradycardia, heart block and heart failure.

答案

C · Severe bradycardia and heart block

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing