精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A patient taking sertraline wants to take ibuprofen regularly for arthritis. What should the nurse teach?

  1. AIbuprofen should be taken instead of sertraline on the days when the arthritis pain is bad, to avoid any interaction
  2. BIbuprofen will make the sertraline work faster
  3. CThe combination is completely safe because they act on different systems
  4. DThe combination increases the risk of bleeding, especially in the stomach, so discuss it with the prescriber
2.精神科护理困难

In the working phase of the relationship, a patient who has been talking openly starts missing sessions and changes the subject whenever her childhood is mentioned. What is the best interpretation?

  1. AShe no longer needs any help, so the sessions should end at once
  2. BThe nurse has made a serious mistake and should hand her care to a colleague immediately
  3. CShe is being rude to the nurse on purpose and should be warned
  4. DShe may be showing resistance as painful topics come closer, which the nurse can gently explore
3.临床心理学中等

MMPI 的效度量表旨在检测：

  1. A来访者的智力水平
  2. B哪种疗法效果最好
  3. C前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答
  4. D脑损伤
4.临床心理学困难

与对照组相比，在精神分裂症患者群体中反复报告的脑部发现是什么？

  1. A所有患者的额叶都增大
  2. B垂体肿瘤
  3. C完全没有海马
  4. D侧脑室扩大
5.药理学中等

A patient takes isoniazid. Which advice is most important?

  1. AAvoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
  2. BStop the drug when the cough improves
  3. CExpect the urine to turn orange
  4. DTake it with antacids to protect the stomach from irritation
6.药理学困难

丙磺舒曾被用来提高血浆青霉素水平。它是如何做到的？

  1. A它把青霉素从血浆蛋白上置换下来
  2. B它增加小肠对青霉素的吸收
  3. C它抑制肝脏对青霉素的代谢
  4. D它阻断肾脏对青霉素的肾小管分泌

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: D · The combination increases the risk of bleeding, especially in the stomach, so discuss it with the prescriber

为什么是这个答案

SSRIs reduce serotonin uptake into platelets, which impairs clotting. Combined with NSAIDs, aspirin or anticoagulants, the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding rises.

答案

D · The combination increases the risk of bleeding, especially in the stomach, so discuss it with the prescriber
2.精神科护理

答案: D · She may be showing resistance as painful topics come closer, which the nurse can gently explore

为什么是这个答案

Resistance, such as avoiding topics or missing sessions, is common in the working phase when anxiety-provoking issues arise. The nurse notes the pattern without blame and explores it with the patient at her pace.

答案

D · She may be showing resistance as painful topics come closer, which the nurse can gently explore
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答

为什么是这个答案

效度量表能标出随意作答、装坏或装好，使临床工作者知道临床量表的剖面图能否解释。

答案

C · 前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答
4.临床心理学

答案: D · 侧脑室扩大

为什么是这个答案

平均而言，精神分裂症患者有脑室扩大和灰质减少。这些差异是群体平均值，不能用于对个体进行诊断。

答案

D · 侧脑室扩大
5.药理学

答案: A · Avoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite

为什么是这个答案

Isoniazid can cause hepatitis, and alcohol increases the risk. Signs of liver injury are reported at once, and liver tests may be checked.

答案

A · Avoid alcohol and report jaundice, dark urine or poor appetite
6.药理学

答案: D · 它阻断肾脏对青霉素的肾小管分泌

为什么是这个答案

青霉素类主要由近端小管的有机阴离子转运体排泄。丙磺舒竞争这些转运体，使青霉素排泄变慢，血药浓度维持在较高水平。

答案

D · 它阻断肾脏对青霉素的肾小管分泌

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