精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

In DSM-5-TR, prolonged grief disorder in adults requires that at least how long has passed since the death?

  1. A12 months
  2. B3 years
  3. C6 weeks
  4. D2 weeks
2.精神科护理困难

A patient with borderline personality disorder and frequent self-harm says, "I'm going to kill myself tonight," after an argument on the phone. A colleague says, "She always says that." What should the nurse do?

  1. AAgree with the colleague and take no action at all
  2. BWait until the next morning to see if she still feels the same once the argument has settled down
  3. CTell the patient she is only seeking attention
  4. DCarry out a full suicide risk assessment, as with any patient who expresses suicidal intent
3.临床心理学中等

MMPI 的效度量表旨在检测：

  1. A来访者的智力水平
  2. B前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答
  3. C哪种疗法效果最好
  4. D脑损伤
4.临床心理学困难

艾伦和阿兹林在精神科病房引入了代币制。其主要发现和局限是什么？

  1. A患者的幻觉永久消失，且出院后疗效仍然持续
  2. B目标行为增加，但效果往往不能泛化到病房之外
  3. C该方法在几周内治愈了精神分裂症
  4. D代币对行为没有影响
5.药理学中等

A patient with insulin-treated diabetes is found unconscious with very low blood glucose. There is no IV access. Which drug can a trained helper give?

  1. ARapid-acting insulin under the skin
  2. BIntramuscular adrenaline
  3. CGlucagon by injection or nasal spray
  4. DOral glucose gel poured into the mouth
6.药理学困难

Why are oral liquid medicines drawn up in dedicated oral or enteral syringes that do not fit IV connectors?

  1. ABecause IV syringes cannot hold liquids
  2. BTo prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake
  3. CTo make the oral dose more accurate than a dose given through an IV syringe
  4. DTo keep the medicine sterile for injection

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: A · 12 months

为什么是这个答案

In adults, prolonged grief disorder requires at least 12 months since the loss (6 months for children and adolescents), with intense yearning or preoccupation that impairs functioning. ICD-11 uses a shorter minimum of 6 months.

答案

A · 12 months
2.精神科护理

答案: D · Carry out a full suicide risk assessment, as with any patient who expresses suicidal intent

为什么是这个答案

People with borderline personality disorder have a significantly raised risk of suicide. Every statement of suicidal intent must be assessed; labelling it as attention-seeking can lead to missed risk.

答案

D · Carry out a full suicide risk assessment, as with any patient who expresses suicidal intent
3.临床心理学

答案: B · 前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答

为什么是这个答案

效度量表能标出随意作答、装坏或装好，使临床工作者知道临床量表的剖面图能否解释。

答案

B · 前后矛盾、夸大或防御性的作答
4.临床心理学

答案: B · 目标行为增加，但效果往往不能泛化到病房之外

为什么是这个答案

代币制增加了长期住院患者的自理和劳动行为，但没有强化时这些改变往往会消退，而且这种方法引发了关于控制的伦理担忧。

答案

B · 目标行为增加，但效果往往不能泛化到病房之外
5.药理学

答案: C · Glucagon by injection or nasal spray

为什么是这个答案

Glucagon breaks down liver glycogen and raises blood glucose. Nothing is given by mouth to an unconscious patient because of the risk of choking and aspiration.

答案

C · Glucagon by injection or nasal spray
6.药理学

答案: B · To prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake

为什么是这个答案

Wrong-route errors, such as giving an oral liquid IV, can be fatal. Syringes with connectors that cannot fit IV lines make this error physically difficult.

答案

B · To prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake

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