精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

新题目返回课程

在打印窗口中选择“另存为 PDF”，即可在设备上保存一份副本。

1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

A 4-year-old asks when her grandmother, who died last week, will come back. How should the nurse explain this to the parents?

  1. AThe child should not be told anything about the death until she is older
  2. BYoung children often do not yet see death as permanent, so simple, honest words help
  3. CThe child is in denial and needs psychiatric treatment
  4. DThe child does not care about her grandmother and has not been affected by the death
2.精神科护理困难

A woman who is being abused by her partner says she will not leave him. What is the most appropriate response?

  1. ATell her that she must leave him today or the nurse cannot help her
  2. BCall her partner to discuss his behaviour with him
  3. CRespect her decision, give information about support services and help her make a safety plan
  4. DTell her that if she stays and is hurt again, it will be her own fault because she was warned about the risks
3.临床心理学中等

罗森汉的研究《On being sane in insane places》引发了对什么的担忧？

  1. A抗抑郁药的安全性
  2. BCBT 的有效性
  3. C动物研究的伦理
  4. D精神科诊断的效度
4.临床心理学困难

一位精神分裂症患者以别扭的姿势一动不动地保持数小时，并抗拒别人移动他。这描述的是哪一组症状？

  1. A思维被广播
  2. B迟发性运动障碍
  3. C紧张症
  4. D言语贫乏
5.药理学中等

服用甲硝唑的患者通常被建议避免：

  1. A乳制品
  2. B日晒
  3. C饮酒
  4. D西柚汁
6.药理学困难

为什么严重高钾血症时要静脉给予胰岛素加葡萄糖？

  1. A胰岛素使钾从血液转移到细胞内
  2. B胰岛素直接保护心肌免受钾的影响
  3. C胰岛素增加肾脏的钾排泄
  4. D葡萄糖在血液中与钾结合

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · Young children often do not yet see death as permanent, so simple, honest words help

为什么是这个答案

Preschool children often see death as temporary or reversible. Clear, simple language, such as "her body stopped working", and avoiding phrases like "gone to sleep" help the child understand.

答案

B · Young children often do not yet see death as permanent, so simple, honest words help
2.精神科护理

答案: C · Respect her decision, give information about support services and help her make a safety plan

为什么是这个答案

Adults have the right to make their own decisions. Many survivors leave and return several times. The nurse documents carefully, provides resources and a safety plan, and keeps the door open for future help.

答案

C · Respect her decision, give information about support services and help her make a safety plan
3.临床心理学

答案: D · 精神科诊断的效度

为什么是这个答案

自称听到一个词的假病人被收治并住院数周，表明诊断受情境影响。此后该研究的方法也受到质疑。

答案

D · 精神科诊断的效度
4.临床心理学

答案: C · 紧张症

为什么是这个答案

紧张症的特征包括木僵、作态、蜡样屈曲、缄默和违拗。在 DSM-5 中，紧张症可以伴随精神分裂症、心境障碍或躯体疾病出现。

答案

C · 紧张症
5.药理学

答案: C · 饮酒

为什么是这个答案

甲硝唑与酒精合用可引起双硫仑样反应，表现为潮红、恶心和心悸。治疗期间及停药后短期内应避免饮酒。

答案

C · 饮酒
6.药理学

答案: A · 胰岛素使钾从血液转移到细胞内

为什么是这个答案

胰岛素激活 Na⁺/K⁺-ATP 酶，把钾驱入细胞，在数分钟内降低血钾水平。给予葡萄糖是为了防止低血糖。这种作用是暂时的，仍须把钾排出体外。

答案

A · 胰岛素使钾从血液转移到细胞内

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing