精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
What is the CIWA-Ar scale used for?
A man has odd beliefs about being able to read minds, dresses eccentrically and has few friends because others make him anxious. He has never had sustained hallucinations or delusions. Which diagnosis fits best?
哪项说法最能区分强迫型人格障碍(OCPD)与强迫症?
共病是指:
An IV site is cool, swollen and pale, and the infusion is running slowly. What should the nurse do?
某药的分布容积非常大(例如成人为 500 L)。这说明什么?
答案: D · Rating the severity of alcohol withdrawal to guide treatment
The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol, revised (CIWA-Ar), scores withdrawal signs and symptoms. Repeated scores guide symptom-triggered benzodiazepine treatment.
答案: A · Schizotypal personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder involves odd beliefs, magical thinking, eccentric behaviour and social anxiety. It lies on the schizophrenia spectrum, but without the sustained psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.
答案: D · 在 OCPD 中,完美主义和刻板通常被体验为自我中可接受的部分
OCPD 是一种普遍的完美主义、讲究秩序和控制的模式,当事人认为这是恰当的(自我协调)。强迫症的强迫观念则是不想要的、令人痛苦的(自我不协调)。
答案: D · 一个人同时符合两种或以上障碍的诊断标准
共病是同一个人同时存在多种障碍,这使诊断和治疗更复杂,也引发了对分类式诊断体系的质疑。
答案: A · Stop the infusion, remove the cannula and elevate the limb
These signs suggest infiltration. The infusion is stopped and the cannula removed, the limb is elevated, and a new cannula is placed elsewhere; vesicant drugs need the extravasation protocol.
答案: C · 药物被组织大量摄取
Vd 远大于全身总水量,说明血浆浓度低,因为大部分药物分布在组织(如脂肪或肌肉)中,地高辛和胺碘酮就是如此。
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing