精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
对于关于早餐的提问,一名患者回答:“鸡蛋来自母鸡,母鸡住在农场,我叔叔有个农场,他开一辆红色拖拉机……”却始终没有回答问题。这称为什么?
A 50-year-old man has believed for a year that his wife is unfaithful. He works normally, his speech is organised and he has no hallucinations. Which diagnosis is most likely?
正念认知疗法(MBCT)证据最充分的用途是:
情感表达研究表明,当家庭表现出什么时,精神分裂症更容易复发?
A patient has oral mucositis after chemotherapy. Which advice is appropriate?
A patient on long-term prednisolone has been vomiting for two days and could not take her tablets. She is now hypotensive and confused, with low sodium and high potassium. What is the most urgent treatment?
答案: D · 离题(切题障碍,tangentiality)
在离题中,说话者越说越远,始终说不到重点。在病理性赘述中,有许多不必要的细节,但说话者最终会回答问题。语词杂拌是毫无意义的词语混杂。
答案: A · Delusional disorder
Delusional disorder involves one or more delusions for at least 1 month, without other prominent symptoms of schizophrenia, and functioning is not markedly impaired apart from the effects of the delusion. Jealous delusions are one recognised type.
答案: B · 预防复发性抑郁患者的复发
MBCT 把正念练习与认知疗法相结合。试验表明,它能减少既往有三次或以上抑郁发作者的复发。
答案: A · 大量批评、敌意和情感过度卷入
高情感表达预示着更高的复发率;降低情感表达的家庭干预可减少复发。
答案: D · Use a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash
Chemotherapy damages rapidly dividing mucosal cells. Gentle oral care, saline rinses and avoiding alcohol, spicy and acidic foods reduce pain and infection risk.
答案: D · IV hydrocortisone and IV fluids
This suggests an adrenal crisis triggered by missed steroids and illness. Treatment is immediate IV or IM hydrocortisone, IV fluids with glucose as needed, and treating the cause.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing