精神科护理
方法
- 判断是否存在即时风险:自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
- 先保障安全:观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
- 选择治疗性回应:承认感受、陈述现实,避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
- 尊重权利:采用限制最少的方案,知情同意,以及保密及其限度。
公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题,完整解答附在最后。
A man with an intellectual disability is becoming irritable. Staff say it is "just his learning disability". What is this an example of?
一名患者说那些声音在告诉他去伤害他的室友。护士应首先做什么?
诊断的信度是指:
哪项观察支持精神分裂症的多巴胺假说?
Why should a patient rinse the mouth after using an inhaled corticosteroid?
A baby born to a mother on methadone becomes irritable on day 2, with a high-pitched cry, tremors, sneezing and poor feeding. What is the most likely cause?
答案: B · Diagnostic overshadowing
Diagnostic overshadowing happens when new symptoms are attributed to a known disability or mental illness, so a physical or other cause is missed. It contributes to poorer health outcomes.
答案: D · 进一步询问声音说了什么,以及他是否觉得必须服从,并确保他人的安全
命令性幻听要求伤害他人,需要立即评估内容、意图和抵抗能力。护士应保证每个人的安全,告知团队并记录风险。
答案: B · 不同临床医生对同一患者是否得出相同诊断
信度是诊断在不同临床医生之间或不同时间的一致性;效度是诊断是否反映了真实而有意义的类别。
答案: C · 苯丙胺等提高多巴胺的药物可诱发精神病性症状
苯丙胺可诱发精神病,阻断 D2 的抗精神病药能减轻阳性症状。阴性症状较难解释,因此该假说已被修订。
答案: A · To reduce the risk of oral thrush (candidiasis) and hoarseness
Steroid left in the mouth and throat suppresses local immunity and can cause candidiasis and a hoarse voice. Rinsing and spitting, and using a spacer, reduce this risk.
答案: C · Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
After birth the baby no longer receives opioid from the mother and develops withdrawal. Assessment uses a scoring tool, with non-drug care first and opioid treatment if signs are severe.
ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/mental-health-nursing