精神科护理：速成包

公式表、每个专题的关键方法步骤和 6 道练习题，完整解答附在最后。

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1公式与方法

精神科护理

方法

  1. 判断是否存在即时风险：自杀、暴力、药物急症或躯体疾病。
  2. 先保障安全：观察、移除危险物品、缓和局面、停用有害药物、寻求帮助。
  3. 选择治疗性回应：承认感受、陈述现实，避免虚假的安慰和“为什么”式提问。
  4. 尊重权利：采用限制最少的方案，知情同意，以及保密及其限度。

2练习题

1.精神科护理中等

In family systems theory, what is meant by the "identified patient"?

  1. AThe family member who pays for the treatment
  2. BThe member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem
  3. CThe family member who has the most serious physical illness
  4. DThe patient whose identity has been checked against a wristband before treatment
2.精神科护理困难

A resident with Alzheimer's disease becomes very agitated and hits out when staff try to help him bathe. What is the best approach?

  1. AStop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
  2. BGet more staff to hold him so the bath can be finished quickly
  3. CSkip bathing for the rest of his stay
  4. DAsk the doctor for a sedative to be given before every bath so that he stays calm and cooperative
3.临床心理学中等

哪项特征可区分广泛性焦虑障碍和惊恐障碍？

  1. A重复的仪式
  2. B对单一特定物体的恐惧，如蜘蛛或高处
  3. C对许多日常事务持续、过度的担忧
  4. D在数分钟内达到高峰的强烈恐惧突发
4.临床心理学困难

华生和雷纳的"小艾伯特"研究常被引用来证明：

  1. A恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得
  2. B恐惧症由被压抑的潜意识冲突引起
  3. C恐惧症主要是遗传的
  4. D恐惧只能通过观察他人习得
5.药理学中等

A patient is starting lisinopril. Which rare but serious adverse effect should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?

  1. AAn increase in appetite in the evening
  2. BA harmless rash on the palms of the hands
  3. CDarker skin after exposure to sunlight
  4. DSwelling of the lips, tongue or face
6.药理学困难

Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a temperature of 38.5 °C (101.3 °F) but says she feels fine. What should happen?

  1. AStart oral antibiotics only if a rash develops
  2. BWait 48 hours to see whether the fever settles
  3. CUrgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay
  4. DParacetamol at home and review at the next routine clinic visit

3溶液

1.精神科护理

答案: B · The member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem

为什么是这个答案

Family systems theory sees the family as a unit in which each member affects the others. The "identified patient" carries the symptoms, but the therapy looks at patterns in the whole family.

答案

B · The member whose symptoms are seen as the family's problem
2.精神科护理

答案: A · Stop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly

为什么是这个答案

Bathing can feel frightening or undignified. Changing the timing, approach or method, for example a bed bath or shower, giving simple explanations and keeping him covered and warm often reduces distress without force.

答案

A · Stop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
3.临床心理学

答案: C · 对许多日常事务持续、过度的担忧

为什么是这个答案

广泛性焦虑障碍是对多种事情持续、难以控制的担忧，至少持续六个月；惊恐障碍则是反复出现、出乎意料的惊恐发作。

答案

C · 对许多日常事务持续、过度的担忧
4.临床心理学

答案: A · 恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得

为什么是这个答案

白鼠多次与巨响配对出现后，艾伯特开始害怕白鼠，而且这种恐惧泛化到了相似的物体上。这项研究现在因伦理和方法问题而受到批评。

答案

A · 恐惧可以通过经典条件作用习得
5.药理学

答案: D · Swelling of the lips, tongue or face

为什么是这个答案

ACE inhibitors can cause angioedema, which can obstruct the airway and needs emergency care. It is linked to raised bradykinin levels and can occur even after long use.

答案

D · Swelling of the lips, tongue or face
6.药理学

答案: C · Urgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay

为什么是这个答案

Fever during neutropenia is treated as a medical emergency because infection can progress rapidly. Cultures are taken and empirical IV antibiotics are started promptly, ideally within one hour.

答案

C · Urgent cultures and IV broad-spectrum antibiotics without delay

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