NCLEX-PN 风格练习题（LPN/LVN）：速成包

Which adverse effect is a particular risk with NSAIDs such as ibuprofen?

1. ALow blood sugar
2. BStomach irritation and bleeding
3. CSevere constipation that lasts for weeks
4. DBreathing slowing down

Why must medicines for Parkinson's disease, such as levodopa, be given on time?

1. ALate doses can cause severe stiffness, falls and swallowing problems
2. BThe drug becomes poisonous if it is given late
3. CLate doses cause the patient to fall asleep
4. DThe timing does not matter as long as the full daily total is given

When should the transparent dressing over a peripheral IV site be changed?

1. AEvery hour, so the site can be cleaned again
2. BOnly when the patient asks for a new dressing
3. CWhen it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
4. DOnly when the IV catheter is removed, whatever its state

Minutes after the first IV dose of an antibiotic starts, the patient develops wheezing, hives and low blood pressure. What should the nurse do first?

1. AStop the infusion
2. BGive an oral antihistamine
3. CSlow the infusion rate
4. DRecord the new allergy in the chart

A patient has a new plaster cast that is still drying. How should the nurse handle it?

1. AWith the palms of the hands, not the fingertips
2. BWith the fingertips, pressing firmly to test it
3. CBy resting it directly on a hard surface
4. DBy covering it tightly with a plastic sheet

A patient is bleeding internally after a fall. Which finding is usually an early sign of hypovolemic shock?

1. ARestlessness and a rising heart rate while the blood pressure is still normal
2. BA very low blood pressure with fixed, dilated pupils
3. CA slow heart rate with warm, dry, flushed skin and a normal blood pressure throughout
4. DLoss of consciousness with gasping breaths

Why must levodopa for Parkinson's disease be given at the exact times prescribed in hospital?

1. AEarly doses cause severe low blood glucose and sweating attacks
2. BDelays can quickly worsen rigidity, immobility and swallowing
3. CThe drug only works if taken at midnight
4. DLate doses cause dangerous high potassium

一名重症哮喘患者变得安静，出现"沉默肺"、精疲力竭，呼吸频率下降。这表示什么？

1. A危及生命的哮喘，即将发生呼吸停止
2. B雾化吸入后的正常恢复
3. C仅仅是焦虑
4. D随着支气管痉挛平息、气道松弛，发作有所好转

一名服用呋塞米的患者钾为 2.9 mEq/L。护士预期会出现哪项发现？

1. A肠道过度活跃引起的腹泻和腹部绞痛
2. B口周麻刺感，Chvostek 征阳性
3. C肌肉无力和腿部抽筋
4. D心电图上 T 波高尖

A patient's results: sodium 140 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 12 mEq/L. What is the anion gap, and what does it suggest?

1. A40 mEq/L, a high anion gap
2. B12 mEq/L, a normal anion gap
3. C28 mEq/L, a high anion gap
4. D52 mEq/L, a very high anion gap

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. ATen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium
2. BBetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
3. CHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
4. DNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before

哪一对不良反应是长期使用胺碘酮的特征性表现？

1. A耳毒性和肾毒性
2. B干咳和血管性水肿
3. C甲状腺功能异常和肺纤维化
4. D牙龈增生和多毛

After a bronchoscopy with throat anaesthesia, when can the patient eat and drink?

1. AOnly after a chest X-ray has been reported
2. BImmediately after the scope is removed
3. CWhen the gag and cough reflexes have returned
4. DAfter a full 24 hours without food

A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?

1. ATake two pills a day to make up for the drug
2. BStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur
3. CUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
4. DContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs

卒中静脉溶栓后的最初 24 小时内，哪些观察最重要？

1. A每小时的肠鸣音和腹围
2. B频繁的神经系统检查和血压
3. C每小时的峰流速和血氧饱和度
4. D仅每日体重和液体平衡

A patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome has a blood pressure that swings between 80/50 and 190/100 mmHg and a heart rate that changes suddenly. What does this suggest?

1. AA faulty blood pressure cuff that should be replaced and the readings ignored
2. BAnxiety that will settle with reassurance alone
3. CAutonomic dysfunction, which needs continuous cardiac monitoring
4. DA drug reaction that means all medicines must stop

How are skin staples usually removed from a healed incision?

1. AAlternate staples first, then the rest if the wound holds
2. BThe staples are left in permanently under the skin
3. CAll staples at once by pulling each one straight up from the skin
4. DOnly the staples at each end, leaving the others for good

A patient with a sacral pressure ulcer keeps sliding down the bed when the head is raised high. Which advice best reduces shear?

1. ARaise the head of the bed to 90° and pull the patient up the bed by the arms
2. BKeep the head of the bed at or below 30° if possible; use slide sheets
3. CUse a dry sheet and drag the patient up the bed
4. DSit the patient upright without any support for the feet

A newborn has flat, blue-grey patches over the lower back and buttocks. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. ABruising that suggests birth trauma or abuse
2. BA sign of a serious blood clotting disorder
3. CA port-wine stain that will need laser treatment
4. DHarmless dermal melanocytosis, to be documented

A labouring woman feels intense rectal pressure and says "the baby is coming". She was 7 cm 20 minutes ago. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck whether the head is visible and stay with her
2. BGive her an opioid for the pain
3. CTell her it is too early and to stop pushing
4. DLeave her to get the birth equipment from the store

A toddler with hand, foot and mouth disease refuses to drink because of painful mouth sores. What is the priority?

1. APreventing hair loss
2. BStarting antibiotics
3. CPreventing dehydration
4. DTreating the rash with steroid cream

Two children with cystic fibrosis are admitted to the same ward. Which precaution is important?

1. ALet them share airway clearance equipment to save resources
2. BAsk them to do their daily physiotherapy sessions together in the playroom
3. CPut them in the same room so they can support each other
4. DKeep them apart, not sharing rooms, equipment or play areas

How does repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) differ from ECT?

1. AIt uses magnetic pulses on the scalp while the patient is awake, without causing a seizure
2. BIt needs a general anaesthetic and causes a seizure, like ECT
3. CIt is given as a daily tablet that contains tiny magnetic particles
4. DIt involves surgically implanting electrodes deep in the brain under anaesthetic

A caller says she is a patient's sister and asks how he is doing. The patient has not given consent to share information. What should the nurse do?

1. ANeither confirm nor deny that he is there, and offer to pass on a message
2. BTell her that he is on the ward but refuse to say anything else about his care or condition
3. CGive a full update, because she is a close family member
4. DAsk her to prove she is his sister and then share the details

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一次体重换算得到 92.9715 kg。 本练习的规则是：体重取到最接近的十分之一千克。你记录的数值x是多少？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一张处方写着口服混悬液½ tbsp，每天四次，共 14 天。按1 tbsp = 15 mL，整个疗程需要多少 mLV？

一名体重 12 kg 的儿童按 15 mg/kg 处方用药。原液浓度为 20 mg/mL。请抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

处方剂量为 465 微克。安瓿浓度为 0.5 mg/mL。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

用滴系数为 60 滴/mL 的输液器在 10 小时内输入 250 mL。求滴速 R（滴/分）。

一袋液体在 250 mL 中含药 250 mg，以 10 mL/h 的速度输注。患者每小时获得多少毫克 D？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 8 小时班次中的出入量。静脉输液在整个班次中按所示速率输注。求总入量 I，以 mL 计。 冰屑按其体积的一半计。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋 500 mL 的液体于 08:15 开始用输液泵以 120 mL/h 输注。到 11:15 时袋中还剩多少 mL V？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一张练习图表记录了 GCS 9，其中 E2 和 V3。记录的运动评分M是多少，它描述的是哪种反应？请给出数字。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Morse 跌倒评分评估一位练习患者：过去 3 个月内的跌倒史: 否; 次要诊断: 否; 行走辅助: 拐杖、手杖或助行器; 静脉输液或封管: 否; 步态: 虚弱; 精神状态: 了解自身局限。使用分界值 0–24 低，25–44 中度，45 或以上高，点击跌倒风险等级。

1. 1低风险
2. 2中度风险
3. 3高风险