NCLEX-PN 风格练习题（LPN/LVN）：速成包

A patient with expressive aphasia after a stroke understands speech but struggles to find words. Which approach helps most?

1. ATalk to the family instead of the patient
2. BSpeak louder and more slowly than usual
3. CFinish their sentences quickly for them to save them frustration
4. DAsk simple yes/no questions and allow plenty of time

In an emergency a doctor gives a verbal order for a medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive it and tell the doctor nothing more
2. BWrite it down, read it back and make sure it is signed later as per policy
3. CAsk another nurse to remember the order
4. DRefuse to give any medicine until a written prescription has been completed

An alcohol-based skin prep has been used before surgery with electrosurgery. What must happen before the drapes are placed?

1. AThe prep must be covered with the drapes while it is still wet
2. BThe prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
3. CThe prep must be warmed with a hair dryer
4. DThe prep must be wiped off with saline

Only one airborne infection isolation room (negative pressure) is free. Which newly admitted patient should be placed in it?

1. AA patient with an MRSA wound infection
2. BA patient with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis
3. CA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
4. DA patient with confirmed seasonal influenza and a cough

A patient is raising his voice, pacing and clenching his fists. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASpeak calmly, keep a safe distance and invite him to talk about what is wrong
2. BApply physical restraints at once
3. CTurn away and ignore the behavior
4. DStand very close to him and tell him firmly and loudly to sit down and be quiet

一名带有中心静脉导管的患者在拔除导管时突然呼吸急促，伴胸痛，SpO₂ 下降。护士首先做什么？

1. A覆盖穿刺部位，使患者向左侧卧头低位，给氧并呼叫援助
2. B用生理盐水冲洗导管以清除任何阻塞
3. C让患者缓慢深呼吸并继续
4. D让患者坐直，迅速拔完导管

HbA1c 测量的是什么？

1. A尿中的酮体含量
2. B检测时刻的血糖
3. C大约过去两到三个月的平均血糖
4. D餐后胰岛素水平

An older patient has fallen several times since starting a new medicine. Which drug group is most likely to contribute?

1. ABenzodiazepine sleeping tablets
2. BLubricating eye drops
3. CVitamin D supplements
4. DEmollient creams applied to the legs

A patient on carbamazepine becomes confused and has a headache. Which laboratory result would most likely explain this?

1. AA low serum sodium
2. BA high serum calcium
3. CA high serum potassium
4. DA low serum magnesium

一名钠为 132 mEq/L、血糖为 600 mg/dL（33.3 mmol/L）的患者入院。为什么要谨慎解读钠的数值？

1. A钠的结果一定是实验室误差
2. B葡萄糖对测得的钠没有影响
3. C高血糖使测得的钠假性升高，因此实际上更低
4. D高血糖把水吸入血液，稀释了钠

A patient uses two different eye drops at the same time of day. What should the nurse advise?

1. AMix the drops in one bottle first
2. BWait at least 5 minutes between the two drops
3. CPut both drops in at exactly the same moment
4. DUse only one of them each day

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3.1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. APotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
2. BLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
3. CInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
4. DInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster

Which exercise advice is recommended for intermittent claudication?

1. AComplete bed rest until the leg pain has gone for at least a month
2. BWalking only on days when the legs feel warm and painless
3. CStopping walking at the very first twinge of pain each time
4. DSupervised walking until pain is near maximal, then rest and repeat

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37.8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. APulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic
2. BAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation
3. CWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
4. DNormal recovery; no action is needed

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
2. BTo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
3. CTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
4. DTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on

After a stroke, a patient suddenly cries or laughs at odd moments. They say they do not feel sad. Which response is most appropriate?

1. AAsk the doctor for a sedative to stop the outbursts
2. BIgnore it, because it shows that the patient is seeking attention from the staff
3. CExplain that this is emotional lability after stroke and help the family understand
4. DTell the patient that crying will slow their recovery

给予细胞毒性化疗药物时，通常推荐使用哪种个人防护装备？

1. A经化疗药物测试的手套和防渗隔离衣
2. B普通棉手套和塑料围裙
3. C不需要个人防护装备，因为输液袋是密封的
4. D纸质外科口罩，不戴手套

A nurse teaches a patient with chronic pancreatitis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I'll take my enzyme capsules at bedtime."
2. B"I should not drink any alcohol."
3. C"Oily, floating stools may mean my dose needs changing."
4. D"I'll report increased thirst or passing urine more often."

Why is congenital hypothyroidism included in newborn screening?

1. AEarly treatment prevents brain damage
2. BIt causes hip dysplasia
3. CIt can only be treated before birth
4. DIt causes jaundice that cannot be treated

A woman at 26 weeks receiving terbutaline for preterm contractions has a heart rate of 132/min and chest tightness. What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure her that this is expected and continue
2. BGive the next dose early to stop contractions
3. CWithhold the next dose and report the findings
4. DIncrease her IV fluids rapidly to lower her heart rate

护士应如何为一名 4 岁儿童做操作前的准备？

1. A什么都不解释，以免吓到孩子
2. B提前一周做详细的解释
3. C在操作前不久用简单的话解释，并让孩子摸一摸器械或在玩偶身上玩一玩
4. D展示内脏器官的示意图

After hypospadias repair, a toddler has a urinary catheter. Which nursing action has priority?

1. AClamp the catheter for a few hours to train the bladder
2. BRemove the dressing on the first day to check the wound
3. CLimit fluids for the first days so that less urine passes over the repair
4. DKeep the catheter draining freely and check for kinks or blockage

A patient taking valproate is starting lamotrigine. Why must lamotrigine be increased especially slowly?

1. AValproate makes lamotrigine work faster, so the dose must be increased quickly
2. BValproate raises lamotrigine levels, which increases the risk of a serious rash
3. CLamotrigine will lower the valproate level until it has no effect
4. DThe two drugs together cause severe hair growth

A resident with Alzheimer's disease becomes very agitated and hits out when staff try to help him bathe. What is the best approach?

1. ASkip bathing for the rest of his stay
2. BStop, try again later or in a different way, and explain each step calmly
3. CAsk the doctor for a sedative to be given before every bath so that he stays calm and cooperative
4. DGet more staff to hold him so the bath can be finished quickly

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一位患者身高 6 ft 6 in。按 1 ft = 12 in 和 1 in = 2.54 cm，求以厘米表示的身高h，取到最接近的整厘米。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一次输注从 21:20 开始，到次日早晨 05:50 结束（24 小时制）。它运行了多少小时t？答案以小数表示小时数，取到两位小数。

某患者体重 45 kg。医嘱剂量为每天 5 mg/kg，分 3 次等量给药。每次给多少毫克 D？

处方为 750 单位的药物，药液规格为 1000 单位/mL。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

用滴系数为 20 滴/mL 的输液器在 5 小时内输入 1500 mL。求滴速 R（滴/分）。

一组输液以 30 滴/分的速度经 15 滴/mL 的输液器滴注。袋中还剩 400 mL。还需多少小时 t 才会滴完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 8 小时班次中的出入量。静脉输液在整个班次中按所示速率输注。求液体平衡 B = 入量 − 出量，以 mL 计（答案为负表示净丢失）。 冰屑按其体积的一半计。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋 500 mL 的液体于 06:30 开始用输液泵以 100 mL/h 输注。到 10:30 时袋中还剩多少 mL V？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Braden 量表评估一位练习患者：感觉知觉: 完全受限; 潮湿程度: 持续潮湿; 活动: 局限于椅子; 活动能力: 完全不能活动; 营养: 非常差; 摩擦力和剪切力: 有问题。求 Braden 总分B。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 对这些观察结果使用 NEWS2 图表（SpO₂ 量表 1）：呼吸频率 12 次/分，SpO₂ 96%正在补充吸氧，血压 96/58 mmHg，脉搏 64 次/分，清醒，体温 35.2 °C。患者属于哪个临床风险组？点击它。

1. 1低
2. 2中低
3. 3中
4. 4高