NCLEX-PN 风格练习题（LPN/LVN）：速成包

How should the ear be positioned when taking a tympanic temperature in an adult?

1. AGently pull the outer ear down and back
2. BPush the outer ear forward against the cheek
3. CGently pull the outer ear up and back
4. DLeave the ear alone and insert the probe deeply

At the start of a shift, which task should the nurse do first?

1. AChange the bed linen of a patient who is going home
2. BOrder supplies for the ward store room
3. CUpdate the ward whiteboard with the names of all the new patients
4. DGive the first IV antibiotic dose to a patient with suspected sepsis

Where should the drainage bag of an indwelling urinary catheter be kept?

1. AOn the floor under the bed, where it is out of the way
2. BOn the bed next to the patient’s hip
3. CHung on the IV pole above the patient
4. DBelow the level of the bladder and off the floor

In US nursing practice, which task should the RN not assign to an LPN/LVN?

1. AThe initial admission assessment of a new patient with suspected sepsis
2. BA dressing change on a healing surgical wound that has no signs of infection
3. CReinforcing hand hygiene teaching that the RN has already given
4. DGiving scheduled oral antibiotics to a stable patient

A child with fever and headache develops a purple rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass. What should the nurse do?

1. AApply a soothing cream to the rash
2. BTreat it as an emergency and escalate at once
3. CGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) and reassess in four hours
4. DAdvise the family to see their doctor next week

An 85-year-old resident becomes newly confused and is falling, but has no fever. Which cause should the nurse consider first?

1. AAn infection, such as a urinary tract infection, presenting atypically
2. BA sudden worsening of long-standing dementia that needs no tests
3. CBoredom from not having enough activities
4. DNormal aging that needs no assessment

Which examination findings suggest a large pleural effusion on one side?

1. AA hyper-resonant chest with the trachea pulled towards that side
2. BWheeze heard over both lungs
3. CDull percussion and reduced breath sounds over the lung base
4. DNormal breath sounds and normal percussion

Which action is most important in protecting a patient with severe neutropenia from infection?

1. AGiving routine intramuscular injections
2. BTaking rectal temperatures regularly
3. CStrict hand hygiene by everyone who has contact with the patient
4. DKeeping fresh flowers and plants in the room to help the patient's mood

When should the nurse check the glucose before giving a mealtime dose of rapid-acting insulin (such as lispro)?

1. AJust before the meal, giving insulin when the food is ready
2. BTwo hours after the meal, then giving the insulin dose
3. COnly once a day, then giving the same dose before every meal
4. DAt bedtime only, then giving the mealtime insulin overnight

A patient in DKA is receiving IV fluids and insulin. The glucose has fallen to about 220 mg/dL (12.2 mmol/L), but the anion gap is still high. What change would the nurse expect?

1. AAdd dextrose to the IV fluids and continue the insulin
2. BStop the insulin infusion because the glucose is near normal
3. CGive an IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate at once
4. DStop the IV fluids and start oral fluids only

When should a patient take a once-daily proton pump inhibitor such as omeprazole?

1. AAbout 30–60 minutes before the first meal of the day
2. BWith a glass of milk at bedtime, when acid output is highest
3. CStraight after a large evening meal
4. DOnly when heartburn is severe

某药分布容积为 40 L，生物利用度为 100%。要达到 2 mg/L 的目标血浆浓度，负荷剂量应为多少？

1. A80 mg
2. B160 mg
3. C42 mg
4. D20 mg

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. AThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80
2. BTroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
3. CTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
4. DThe first sample is always contaminated

一名哮喘患者的峰流速为其最佳值的 40%，呼吸频率 28 次/分，不能说完整句子。SpO₂ 94%。该次发作应如何分级？

1. A濒死性哮喘
2. B危及生命的哮喘
3. C急性重度哮喘
4. D中度哮喘加重

A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?

1. AThe bladder is not emptying properly
2. BThe patient has drunk too little fluid
3. CThe patient is passing urine normally
4. DThe kidneys are making too little urine

一名患者昨天刚建立左臂动静脉内瘘，需要做常规抽血。最重要的指示是什么？

1. A从内瘘抽血，因为它容易找到且粗大
2. B在左臂上用紧的止血带寻找好的静脉
3. C用绷带紧紧包住左臂以保护内瘘
4. D使用右臂；检查左手的循环和震颤

Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?

1. AEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
2. BEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
3. CTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
4. DSit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully

全身麻醉期间，一名患者出现下颌强直、呼气末 CO₂ 升高和心动过速，随后体温迅速上升。哪种药物是特异性治疗？

1. A丹曲林
2. B纳洛酮
3. C对乙酰氨基酚
4. D琥珀酰胆碱

A woman with pre-eclampsia is on magnesium sulfate. Why does the nurse monitor her urine output closely?

1. AMagnesium causes a large diuresis that leads to dehydration
2. BUrine output tells the nurse exactly when to stop the infusion after the birth
3. CLow urine output shows that the magnesium is working
4. DMagnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so oliguria raises the risk of toxicity

A deceleration lasts 3 minutes before the baseline recovers. How is this classified?

1. AAn early deceleration
2. BA change of baseline
3. CA prolonged deceleration
4. DA variable acceleration

A child has scabies. Which plan is correct?

1. AStop treatment as soon as the itch improves on the first day
2. BTreat only the child, as family members without itching are not infected
3. CTreat only the itchy areas of skin, not the whole body
4. DTreat the child and all close contacts at the same time, and wash bedding and clothes

一名法洛四联症的幼儿剧烈哭闹，随后出现严重发绀并变得软弱无力。护士应首先做什么？

1. A将孩子置于膝胸卧位，保持其平静并呼叫援助
2. B测量头围
3. C让孩子平躺并抬高双腿，以增加回心血量
4. D带孩子散步使其平静下来

How does conduct disorder differ from oppositional defiant disorder?

1. AConduct disorder involves only arguing with adults and losing one's temper
2. BThe two disorders are exactly the same and differ only in the age at which they are diagnosed
3. CConduct disorder involves violating others' rights, such as cruelty, theft or fire setting
4. DOppositional defiant disorder includes serious physical aggression towards animals

Three weeks after her husband died, a woman says she sometimes briefly hears him call her name at home. She is otherwise eating, sleeping and coping. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AIt means she has delirium and needs urgent tests
2. BIt proves she has severe major depression with psychosis
3. CIt is a sign of schizophrenia that needs antipsychotic medicine
4. DBrief experiences like this can be part of normal grief

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一位患者的体温为 103.5 °F。用 °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 把它换算为摄氏度T。取到一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一次输注从 17:40 开始，到次日早晨 04:25 结束（24 小时制）。它运行了多少小时t？答案以小数表示小时数，取到两位小数。

一支肾上腺素预充式注射器标示为 1:10 000（0.1 mg/mL）。医嘱为心脏骤停时 1 mg 静脉注射（IV）。你应给多少体积 V？

处方剂量为 0.52 mg。安瓿每 mL 含 4000 微克。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

用滴系数为 20 滴/mL 的输液器在 5 小时内输入 1000 mL。求滴速 R（滴/分）。 取整到最接近的整数。

一袋液体在 100 mL 中含药 500 mg，以 25 mL/h 的速度输注。患者每小时获得多少毫克 D？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 12 小时班次中的出入量。患者体重 72 kg。求平均尿量 U，以 mL/kg/h 计。 保留两位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋 1000 mL 的液体用输液泵以 120 mL/h 输注。到 06:30 时已输入 350 mL。还要多少小时 t 袋子才会输完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一位患者的脉搏为 146 次/分，血压为 120/72 mmHg。求休克指数SI = HR/SBP。取到两位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Morse 跌倒评分评估一位练习患者：过去 3 个月内的跌倒史: 否; 次要诊断: 是; 行走辅助: 扶着家具; 静脉输液或封管: 否; 步态: 虚弱; 精神状态: 高估或忘记自身局限。使用分界值 0–24 低，25–44 中度，45 或以上高，点击跌倒风险等级。

1. 1低风险
2. 2中度风险
3. 3高风险