NCLEX 风格练习题（RN）：速成包

A patient you are walking with starts to fall. What should you do?

1. ATry to hold them upright with your arms around their chest
2. BLet go quickly and call for help
3. CGrab them under the armpits and lift them
4. DEase them gently to the floor while protecting their head

A postoperative wound drain that had drained little suddenly fills with bright red blood. What should the nurse do?

1. AEmpty the drain and record it at the next routine round
2. BCheck the patient's vital signs and report it urgently
3. CRemove the drain because it is not working
4. DClamp the drain and tell no one

How are neuromuscular blocking drugs, such as vecuronium, safely stored?

1. AMixed in the same bin as other high-use drugs
2. BIn the general stock cupboard with the other IV drugs and no special labels
3. CSeparate from other drugs, with a warning that they cause paralysis
4. DNext to common IV antibiotics so they are easy to find

A nurse teaches parents about firearm safety at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“We keep the gun loaded in the nightstand, and the children know not to touch it.”
2. B“We keep all the ammunition locked away separately from the gun.”
3. C“We store the gun unloaded in a locked safe in the bedroom.”
4. D“We will ask other parents about guns before play dates.”

A nurse has given rapid-acting insulin, and then learns that the patient’s meal tray will be 45 minutes late. What should the nurse do?

1. AAsk the patient to walk around the ward until the food arrives
2. BGet the patient some carbohydrate food now and check the glucose
3. CTell the patient to wait and do nothing until the tray comes
4. DGive a second, smaller dose of insulin when the meal tray finally arrives

Which nursing approach may raise intracranial pressure in a patient with a head injury?

1. AKeeping the head in line with the body
2. BSpacing out care with rest periods in between activities
3. CKeeping the room calm and quiet
4. DDoing suctioning, turning and bathing all at the same time

When a patient returns to the ward from theatre, what should the nurse assess first?

1. AThe patient's dietary preferences for the next meal
2. BThe discharge date
3. CAirway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness
4. DWhether visitors are waiting to see the patient

A patient taking regular ibuprofen suddenly develops severe upper abdominal pain, a rigid abdomen and becomes tachycardic. What is most likely?

1. AIndigestion that will settle with antacids
2. BConstipation
3. CA perforated peptic ulcer
4. DIrritable bowel syndrome

哪一组表现符合高钙血症？

1. A仅有 T 波高尖和肌无力
2. B便秘、疲劳、意识模糊和肾结石
3. C手足搐搦、肌肉痉挛和 Chvostek 征阳性
4. D仅有口渴和非常稀的尿液

A patient has eaten very little for 2 weeks and has received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The INR is now 2.3 without warfarin, and the platelets are normal. What is the most likely cause?

1. AIron-deficiency anemia
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CHemophilia A
4. DImmune thrombocytopenia

During a rapid infusion of vancomycin, a patient develops flushing and a red rash on the face, neck and upper body. What is the most likely cause and action?

1. AA normal effect; increase the infusion rate to finish sooner
2. BA sign that the infection is spreading; give a second dose
3. CAcute kidney failure; stop all IV fluids and antibiotics at once
4. DAn infusion reaction; stop or slow the infusion and inform the prescriber

A 19-year-old woman is starting isotretinoin for severe acne. Which requirement is most important?

1. ATaking the drug only at weekends
2. BReliable contraception and pregnancy tests, as it is highly teratogenic
3. CA high-vitamin A diet to boost the effect
4. DWeekly hearing tests and monthly eye examinations during treatment

哪项实验室检查用于调整普通肝素的输注？

1. AaPTT（或抗 Xa 水平）
2. B血清纤维蛋白原水平
3. CINR（国际标准化比值）
4. DD-二聚体水平

A patient had 40 minutes of chest pain at rest. The ECG shows ST depression without ST elevation, and the troponin is rising. What is the diagnosis?

1. AStable angina
2. BAcute pericarditis
3. CNon-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
4. DST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

During continuous bladder irrigation, 3200 mL drains out in a shift. 2500 mL of irrigation fluid was put in. What is the true urine output?

1. A700 mL
2. B2500 mL
3. C5700 mL
4. D3200 mL

一名 DKA 患者正在好转：血糖 9 mmol/L，酮体 0.4 mmol/L，pH 7.36。患者能进食和饮水。应如何停用静脉胰岛素？

1. A停用所有胰岛素，因为酮症酸中毒已完全缓解
2. B仅在血糖升至 20 mmol/L 以上时才给皮下胰岛素
3. C现在停用静脉胰岛素，明天开始皮下胰岛素
4. D随餐给予皮下胰岛素，重叠一段时间后停止静脉输注

In the UK National Early Warning Score (NEWS2), what does an aggregate score of 5 or more usually trigger?

1. ADischarge planning for the next day
2. BRoutine observations once every 12 hours, with no other change in care
3. CAn urgent review by a clinician skilled in acute illness
4. DNo change unless the patient complains

Shortly after a spinal anaesthetic, a patient says their arms feel weak and it is hard to breathe, and the BP is falling. What is most likely?

1. AAn anxiety attack
2. BA normal spinal effect
3. CA high spinal block
4. DA post-dural puncture headache

A woman in preterm labour receives nifedipine. Which side effect should the nurse watch for?

1. AHigh blood glucose and tremor
2. BLow blood pressure and headache
3. CBradycardia and bronchospasm
4. DRespiratory depression and absent reflexes

A woman 2 hours after birth asks for help to the bathroom. She had an epidural that is now off. What is the main safety concern?

1. AReopening of the epidural site
2. BFainting from low blood glucose only
3. CIncreased lochia from walking
4. DLeg weakness or numbness causing a fall

计划在置入静脉套管前使用局部麻醉乳膏（利多卡因–丙胺卡因）。什么很重要？

1. A用力揉进皮肤，约 1 分钟后擦掉，不用敷料
2. B在进针前几秒钟涂抹
3. C涂在破损的皮肤上以更快见效
4. D提前很久涂抹，通常约 60 分钟，并用封闭敷料覆盖

A child has had many hospital admissions with unexplained symptoms. They occur only when the mother is present and stop when the child is apart from her. What should the nurse consider?

1. AFabricated or induced illness; follow safeguarding procedures
2. BThe child is pretending to be ill to avoid school
3. CA rare genetic disorder that needs more tests at once
4. DThe ward environment or hospital food is causing the symptoms

In DSM-5-TR, prolonged grief disorder in adults requires that at least how long has passed since the death?

1. A2 weeks
2. B3 years
3. C12 months
4. D6 weeks

一名强迫症患者进行了很长的洗手仪式，错过了早餐。最佳的初始应对是什么？

1. A给予仪式的时间，围绕它安排日程，并与患者一起逐步限制
2. B指出仪式毫无意义，坚持让患者在早餐前立即停止
3. C锁上浴室
4. D强行制止仪式

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一位患者身高 145 cm。按 1 in = 2.54 cm，求以英寸表示的身高h。取到一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一张处方写着口服混悬液1 tbsp，每 6 小时一次，共 14 天。按1 tbsp = 15 mL，整个疗程需要多少 mLV？

一名体重 21 kg 的儿童按 10 mg/kg 处方用药。原液浓度为 25 mg/mL。请抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

处方剂量为 1.08 mg。安瓿每 mL 含 2000 微克。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

滴注以 20 gtt/min 的速度通过滴系数为 15 gtt/mL 的输液器。患者在 3 小时内接受多少毫升 V？

一组输液以 28 滴/分的速度经 15 滴/mL 的输液器滴注。袋中还剩 600 mL。还需多少小时 t 才会滴完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一项练习规程要求为体重 84 kg 的患者推注肝素 80 units/kg。药瓶规格为 1 000 units/mL。应抽取多少体积 V？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一名体重 100 kg 的患者的医嘱为norepinephrine 10 mcg/min。输液袋中含 4 mg，容量 250 mL。求泵速 R，以 mL/h 计。 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 12 小时班次中的出入量。静脉输液在整个班次中按所示速率输注。求液体平衡 B = 入量 − 出量，以 mL 计（答案为负表示净丢失）。 冰屑按其体积的一半计。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一份 500 mL 的输液于 14:30 开始以 75 mL/h 输注。2 小时后速率改为 100 mL/h，之后不再改变。从开始算起多少小时 t 后袋子会输完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Braden 量表评估一位练习患者：感觉知觉: 非常受限; 潮湿程度: 非常潮湿; 活动: 偶尔步行; 活动能力: 不受限制; 营养: 极好; 摩擦力和剪切力: 无明显问题。求 Braden 总分B。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Morse 跌倒评分评估一位练习患者：过去 3 个月内的跌倒史: 是; 次要诊断: 否; 行走辅助: 拐杖、手杖或助行器; 静脉输液或封管: 是; 步态: 受损; 精神状态: 了解自身局限。使用分界值 0–24 低，25–44 中度，45 或以上高，点击跌倒风险等级。

1. 1低风险
2. 2中度风险
3. 3高风险

某练习血气显示 PaCO₂ 48 mmHg (6.4 kPa)。利用规则：在慢性呼吸性酸中毒中，PaCO₂ 每比 40 高出 10 mmHg，HCO₃⁻ 升高 3.5 mmol/L，以HCO₃⁻ 24 mmol/L 为起点，求预期HCO₃⁻。

练习数值：Na⁺ 137，Cl⁻ 93，HCO₃⁻ 18 mmol/L。使用 AG = Na⁺ − (Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻) 计算 Δ 比值 (AG − 12)/(24 − HCO₃⁻)。保留两位小数。

解读这条 II 导联心律条带。这是什么节律？点击你的答案。

1. 1窦性心律伴室性早搏
2. 2心房颤动
3. 3交界性心律
4. 4心房扑动，2:1 传导

这条 II 导联心电图显示二度房室传导阻滞 I 型（文氏现象）。测量未下传 P 波之前最后一个下传搏动的 PR 间期（即最长的 PR），以秒为单位。