NCLEX 风格练习题（RN）：速成包

Why must a respirator such as an FFP3 or N95 mask be fit-tested?

1. AIt must be tested to check it is the right colour
2. BIt only protects if it seals closely to the wearer's face
3. CFit-testing checks whether the patient is still infectious
4. DFit-testing makes the mask reusable for a week

A colleague asks the nurse to countersign the controlled drug register for a dose the nurse did not see being prepared or given. What should the nurse do?

1. ASign, but only if the colleague is senior
2. BSign, as the colleague is trustworthy
3. CSign it later, at the end of the shift, once the colleague explains
4. DRefuse, as they can only sign for what they have witnessed

When should the transparent dressing over a peripheral IV site be changed?

1. AOnly when the IV catheter is removed, whatever its state
2. BWhen it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
3. COnly when the patient asks for a new dressing
4. DEvery hour, so the site can be cleaned again

一名患者正在持续输注高警示药物。交接班时，哪种做法最安全？

1. A接班护士在本班结束时检查
2. B两名护士对照处方共同核对输注泵和药袋
3. C交班护士在护士站说“泵没问题”
4. D只检查速率，不检查药物或浓度

A patient’s urinary catheter has drained no urine for two hours, and the lower abdomen is swollen. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACheck the tubing for kinks or obstruction
2. BEncourage the patient to drink more water
3. CGive a prescribed diuretic straight away
4. DRemove the catheter and wait for the patient to void

一名心力衰竭患者气短，双肺有湿啰音。哪种行动顺序是正确的？

1. A先称体重，4 小时后再重新评估呼吸
2. B让患者平躺休息，然后开始静脉维持液体
3. C先给定时的口服药物，然后让患者坐起
4. D坐起，按医嘱给氧，然后联系医疗人员

A patient on insulin reports nightmares, night sweats and morning headaches. What should be suspected?

1. AHyperthyroidism
2. BA urinary tract infection
3. CNight-time hypoglycaemia
4. DRaised intracranial pressure

Which route and site are recommended for the first dose of adrenaline (epinephrine) in anaphylaxis on a ward?

1. AOral tablet dissolved under the tongue
2. BSubcutaneous injection into the upper arm
3. CIntravenous bolus given by the nurse without monitoring
4. DIntramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh

A patient with chronic kidney disease receives an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent such as epoetin alfa. Which assessments are most important?

1. ALiver enzymes and bilirubin
2. BSerum glucose and ketones
3. CSerum amylase and lipase
4. DHemoglobin and blood pressure

A patient has a sodium of 150 mEq/L, a glucose of 180 mg/dL and a BUN of 28 mg/dL. Using the formula 2 × Na + glucose/18 + BUN/2.8, what is the calculated serum osmolality?

1. AAbout 320 mOsm/kg, which is high
2. BAbout 285 mOsm/kg, which is normal
3. CAbout 358 mOsm/kg, which is high
4. DAbout 300 mOsm/kg, which is normal

While giving medicines, a patient says, "That pill looks different from the one I usually take." What should the nurse do?

1. AReassure the patient and give the pill anyway
2. BStop and recheck the order and the medicine before giving it
3. CGive the pill and check the chart afterwards
4. DExplain that only the staff decide which medicines are given

A patient has received a sodium nitroprusside infusion for several days. He becomes confused and develops a metabolic acidosis. What should be suspected?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the plastic of the infusion bag
2. BHyperkalaemia from the infusion
3. CCyanide toxicity from nitroprusside breakdown
4. DHypoglycaemia from nitroprusside

Why is pyridoxine (vitamin B6) often given with isoniazid?

1. ATo prevent loss of colour vision
2. BTo prevent gout attacks
3. CTo prevent orange discolouration of urine
4. DTo prevent peripheral neuropathy

在严重哮喘发作期间，一名患者的 PaCO₂ 从偏低升至正常，同时看起来精疲力竭。这意味着什么？

1. A患者正在疲劳，随后可能发生呼吸衰竭
2. B发作正在缓解，可以减少治疗
3. C患者因焦虑而过度通气
4. D标本很可能是静脉血，可以忽略

The day after a thyroidectomy, a patient reports tingling around the mouth and in the fingers. Why might this happen?

1. AThe parathyroid glands may have been damaged, lowering calcium
2. BThe thyroid hormone level has risen too high after surgery
3. CThe anaesthetic has caused an allergic reaction
4. DThe patient is breathing too slowly after the operation

A patient with a cervical spinal cord injury is helped to sit up for the first time. They become dizzy and pale, and the BP falls from 110/70 to 78/46 mmHg. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive a large meal and a strong coffee to raise the blood pressure
2. BLower the patient back towards lying, then raise them gradually later
3. CStand the patient up to improve the blood flow to the legs
4. DContinue sitting them upright, because it will pass in an hour

Which group of findings suggests obstruction of the bile duct?

1. AJaundice, dark urine, pale stools and itching
2. BPale urine, dark stools and a flapping tremor
3. CRed urine, black stools and a high blood glucose
4. DNormal skin colour with diarrhoea and fever

On day 5 after a major burn, a patient is confused, with a temperature of 39.2 °C, tachycardia, and an offensive, discoloured wound. What should the nurse suspect?

1. ADelirium from boredom on the ward
2. BBurn wound infection with sepsis
3. CAn allergy to the dressing only
4. DThe normal hypermetabolic response alone

分娩机转最初几个动作的正确顺序是什么？

1. A内旋转、衔接、下降、仰伸、俯屈
2. B衔接、下降、俯屈、内旋转、仰伸
3. C下降、仰伸、衔接、俯屈、内旋转
4. D俯屈、衔接、仰伸、下降、内旋转

A biophysical profile scores 4 out of 10 at 38 weeks. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AIt is abnormal and needs prompt review
2. BIt only means the woman needs to drink more water
3. CIt is normal and reassuring
4. DIt is equivocal and should be repeated next week

下列哪一组表现是儿童肾病综合征的典型表现？

1. A尿频、口渴和体重减轻
2. B血尿、高血压和近期咽痛
3. C大量蛋白尿、血清白蛋白降低和全身性水肿
4. D发热、排尿疼痛和背痛

一名 6 岁的血友病患儿摔倒后膝盖肿胀疼痛。优先事项是什么？

1. A按处方补充凝血因子，并对关节休息、冰敷、加压和抬高
2. B对膝盖热敷
3. C给予阿司匹林止痛
4. D鼓励孩子用膝盖走路，以保持关节活动并防止僵硬

Which side effects are most common with quetiapine?

1. AInsomnia and severe weight loss
2. BA cough and swollen ankles
3. CSedation, dizziness when standing and weight gain
4. DHigh prolactin with breast enlargement in almost every patient

A patient with anorexia nervosa is admitted with a BMI of 14, dizziness and low potassium. Which goal is the priority in the first days?

1. APlanning her return to university and her studies after discharge
2. BMedical stabilisation, with careful refeeding and correction of electrolytes
3. CImproving body image through group discussions
4. DGaining insight into family relationships through therapy

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一个剂量记录在 04:25（24 小时制）。哪个条目是 12 小时制中的同一时间？点击它。

1. 14:25 PM
2. 23:25 AM
3. 36:25 AM
4. 44:25 AM

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一个班次中，患者摄入了2 fl oz / 果汁, 4 tbsp / 液体营养补充剂, 1½ tsp / 止咳糖浆, 2 杯 / 茶。按给出的等量关系，求以 mL 表示的口服总摄入量V。

某患者体重 12 kg，医嘱为单次给药 7.5 mg/kg。求剂量 D（mg）。

一名患者身高 183 cm，体重 77 kg。医嘱为 250 mg/m²。用 Mosteller 公式 BSA = √(身高 (cm) × 体重 (kg)/3600) 求剂量 D，以 mg 表示。

用滴系数为 20 滴/mL 的输液器在 5 小时内输入 1000 mL。求滴速 R（滴/分）。 取整到最接近的整数。

一组输液以 28 滴/分的速度经 20 滴/mL 的输液器滴注。袋中还剩 200 mL。还需多少小时 t 才会滴完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一项练习规程要求为体重 94 kg 的患者推注肝素 70 units/kg。药瓶规格为 5 000 units/mL。应抽取多少体积 V？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋中含dopamine 800 mg，容量 500 mL。医嘱为 5 mcg/kg/min，患者体重 88 kg。输液泵速率 R 应设为多少 mL/h？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 8 小时班次中的出入量。患者体重 46 kg。求平均尿量 U，以 mL/kg/h 计。 保留两位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋 1000 mL 的液体于 07:00 开始用输液泵以 80 mL/h 输注。到 12:00 时袋中还剩多少 mL V？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Morse 跌倒评分评估一位练习患者：过去 3 个月内的跌倒史: 是; 次要诊断: 否; 行走辅助: 拐杖、手杖或助行器; 静脉输液或封管: 是; 步态: 正常、卧床休息或轮椅; 精神状态: 了解自身局限。求 Morse 总分MFS。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 对这些观察结果使用 NEWS2 图表（SpO₂ 量表 1）：呼吸频率 18 次/分，SpO₂ 96%吸室内空气，血压 124/74 mmHg，脉搏 82 次/分，清醒，体温 37.4 °C。患者属于哪个临床风险组？点击它。

1. 1低
2. 2中低
3. 3中
4. 4高

练习数值：Na⁺ 135 mmol/L，葡萄糖 28.3 mmol/L，尿素 12.6 mmol/L。计算血清渗透压 Osm = 2·Na⁺ + 葡萄糖 + 尿素，取最接近的整数。

某练习血气显示代谢性酸中毒：pH 7.28，PaCO₂ 22 mmHg (2.9 kPa)，HCO₃⁻ 10 mmol/L。把实测的PaCO₂与温特公式比较。点选你的解读。

1. 1适当的代偿
2. 2合并呼吸性酸中毒
3. 3合并呼吸性碱中毒

这条 II 导联心电图显示传导比例固定的心房扑动。求出心室率（单位：次/分）。

这条 II 导联心电图显示房室传导阻滞，心室节律不规则。使用 6 秒法求出心室率（单位：次/分）。