NCLEX 风格练习题（RN）：速成包

At what angle is an intramuscular injection given?

1. A15 degrees
2. B45 degrees
3. C90 degrees
4. D30 degrees

A patient asks for a same-sex nurse for intimate care because of their religious beliefs. What should the nurse do?

1. AAgree, but only if the patient has a written note from a religious leader
2. BRefuse, as all nurses are equally qualified
3. CArrange it where possible and record the preference in the care plan
4. DTell the patient they must accept whoever is on duty

When should blood specimen tubes be labeled?

1. ABack at the station after all the samples are collected
2. BBy the laboratory staff after the tubes arrive
3. CAt the nurses’ station before going to the patient, to save time
4. DAt the bedside, in front of the patient, right after collection

A patient dies after a wrong-drug error, and the hospital carries out a root cause analysis. What is its main focus?

1. AFinding the system and process weaknesses that allowed the error
2. BEstimating the legal costs for the hospital
3. CIdentifying which staff member made the error and should be disciplined
4. DDeciding whether to tell the family about the error

A patient with angina is taught to use sublingual nitroglycerin (GTN). Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will carry the tablets with me when I go out.”
2. B“I will take five tablets one after the other before I call for help.”
3. C“If the pain has not eased as my action plan says, I will call emergency services.”
4. D“I will sit or lie down when I take a tablet.”

一名大手术后的患者连续两小时尿量为 15 mL/h，心率 115 次/分，双手发凉。护士应首先做什么？

1. A再等两小时，看尿量是否改善
2. B鼓励患者多喝水，稍后再检查
3. C冲洗导尿管，明天早晨再检查尿量
4. D评估休克的征象，如出血，并上报

Why are alternate sutures sometimes removed first when taking out stitches?

1. ATo reduce the cost of dressings
2. BTo check the wound stays closed before removing the rest
3. CTo make the procedure faster
4. DBecause the remaining sutures dissolve on their own within a day

Which patient should the nurse assess first?

1. AA patient with asthma who can only speak in single words
2. BA patient with diabetes whose glucose is 11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL) before lunch
3. CA postoperative patient who rates their pain as 6/10
4. DA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 89% and within their target range

A patient's potassium is unexpectedly 5.8 mEq/L. The sample was taken after the tourniquet was on for several minutes while the patient pumped their fist. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThe result may be falsely high and should be repeated with better technique
2. BFist pumping lowers potassium, so the true level is even higher
3. CThe result confirms true hyperkalemia and needs no further checking
4. DTourniquet time affects only the glucose result, not the potassium

Two weeks after a sore throat, a child develops dark (cola-colored) urine, puffy eyes and high blood pressure. Urinalysis shows red cell casts and protein. Which condition is most likely?

1. ALower urinary tract infection (cystitis)
2. BPrerenal acute kidney injury
3. CPost-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
4. DKidney stone in the ureter

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. ADry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion
2. BConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
3. CYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
4. DPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis needs a benzodiazepine for alcohol withdrawal. Why is lorazepam often chosen instead of diazepam?

1. ALorazepam is excreted unchanged in the urine without any metabolism
2. BLorazepam is a stronger anticonvulsant than all other benzodiazepines
3. CLorazepam does not cause sedation in liver disease
4. DLorazepam is cleared by simple conjugation and has no active metabolites

Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?

1. ACorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
2. BPoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
3. CLoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
4. DTight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best

一名 COPD 患者呼吸困难，未吸氧时 SpO₂ 84%。血气分析显示 pH 7.30，PaCO₂ 升高，尽管已给予最佳药物治疗。可能会考虑哪种治疗？

1. A停用雾化支气管扩张剂
2. B静脉镇静以减慢呼吸频率
3. C无创通气（NIV）
4. D通过非重复呼吸面罩给予高浓度氧气

A conscious patient with a glucose of 3.1 mmol/L (56 mg/dL) can swallow safely. Which is the best first treatment?

1. AA dose of rapid-acting insulin with a sandwich
2. BA chocolate bar and a cup of tea with milk
3. CA glass of milk and two plain biscuits
4. DGlucose tablets or a small glass of fruit juice

A man who takes tamsulosin for BPH is listed for cataract surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. ATamsulosin has no effects outside the urinary tract, so nothing changes
2. BIt should be swapped for oxybutynin the night before to protect the eye
3. CThe dose should be doubled before surgery to prevent urinary retention
4. DThe eye surgeon must be told, as it can cause floppy iris during surgery

Why are laxatives and enemas avoided when appendicitis is suspected?

1. AThey stop antibiotics from being absorbed
2. BThey may increase the risk of perforation
3. CThey always cause the appendix to bleed heavily
4. DThey make the blood tests impossible to read

Two days after a PEG insertion, a patient reports pain on feeding, and feed is leaking around the site. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive the next medicines through the tube as usual
2. BContinue feeding and apply a thicker dressing
3. CIncrease the feed rate to improve nutrition
4. DStop the feed at once and seek urgent medical advice

Why is the hearing of newborns screened before discharge or soon after birth?

1. AIt is required before vitamin K can be given
2. BEarly support improves language development
3. CHearing loss can be cured with a single injection
4. DIt detects congenital heart disease

A newborn whose mother had a fever and prolonged rupture of membranes is well at birth. Why does the nurse monitor this baby closely?

1. AThe baby has a higher risk of hip dysplasia
2. BThe baby is likely to be post-term
3. CThe baby has a higher risk of early sepsis
4. DThe baby will certainly develop jaundice

Which group of findings suggests Kawasaki disease?

1. AFever for at least 5 days, red eyes without discharge, cracked red lips and swollen hands and feet
2. BLow-grade fever, a barking cough and stridor that are worse at night
3. CHigh fever for 3 days, then a pink rash as the fever settles
4. DFever with an itchy vesicular rash that starts on the trunk, spreads outwards and crusts over within days

一名幼儿 30 分钟前吞下了一枚纽扣电池，看起来状态良好。正确的做法是什么？

1. A使幼儿呕吐
2. B安排立即转送急诊，进行影像学检查和取出
3. C给一杯牛奶，在家观察
4. D等待电池自然排出，并连续几天检查尿布

What must a patient be told for consent to a new psychotropic medicine to be valid?

1. ANothing at all, because psychiatric patients cannot give consent
2. BOnly the name of the medicine and the time of day it will be given
3. CThe expected benefits, the main risks and the alternatives, including no treatment
4. DOnly the benefits, so that the patient is not frightened by the side effects

A patient asks the nurse to pray with her before her ECT. The nurse does not share her religion. What is the most appropriate response?

1. ARespect the request, join in if comfortable, and offer to call the chaplain
2. BTell her that religion has no place in hospital care
3. CIgnore the request politely and change the subject to the procedure itself
4. DTry to persuade her to adopt the nurse's own beliefs

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一次体重换算得到 60.0158 kg。 本练习的规则是：体重取到最接近的十分之一千克。你记录的数值x是多少？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一张处方写着口服混悬液2 tsp，每 8 小时一次，共 7 天。按1 tsp = 5 mL，整个疗程需要多少 mLV？

一名体重 22 kg 的患者体表面积为 0.89 m²。医嘱为 100 mg/m²。求剂量 D，以 mg 表示。

处方剂量为 0.84 mg。安瓿每 mL 含 1000 微克。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

用滴系数为 10 滴/mL 的输液器在 5 小时内输入 500 mL。求滴速 R（滴/分）。 取整到最接近的整数。

一袋中含有 2 g 药物，溶于 250 mL。医嘱为每分钟 1 mg。泵速 R 应设为多少 mL/h？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一份输液含普通胰岛素 100 单位，容量 100 mL。医嘱为 10 units/h。求泵速 R，以 mL/h 计。 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋中含dobutamine 250 mg，容量 250 mL。医嘱为 2.5 mcg/kg/min，患者体重 85 kg。输液泵速率 R 应设为多少 mL/h？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 12 小时班次中的出入量。静脉输液在整个班次中按所示速率输注。求液体平衡 B = 入量 − 出量，以 mL 计（答案为负表示净丢失）。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一份 1000 mL 的输液于 13:30 开始以 150 mL/h 输注。3 小时后速率改为 100 mL/h，之后不再改变。从开始算起多少小时 t 后袋子会输完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Braden 量表评估一位练习患者：感觉知觉: 完全受限; 潮湿程度: 很少潮湿; 活动: 经常步行; 活动能力: 不受限制; 营养: 极好; 摩擦力和剪切力: 有问题。求 Braden 总分B。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 用 Braden 量表评估一位练习患者：感觉知觉: 非常受限; 潮湿程度: 持续潮湿; 活动: 局限于椅子; 活动能力: 非常受限; 营养: 充足; 摩擦力和剪切力: 潜在问题。使用的分级为：19–23 无风险，15–18 轻度，13–14 中度，10–12 高，9 或以下极高。点击风险等级。

1. 1无风险
2. 2轻度风险
3. 3中度风险
4. 4高风险
5. 5极高风险

某练习血气显示代谢性酸中毒，HCO₃⁻ 8 mmol/L。用温特公式求预期PaCO₂（范围的中心），单位 mmHg。

某练习血气显示代谢性酸中毒：pH 7.18，PaCO₂ 39 mmHg (5.2 kPa)，HCO₃⁻ 14 mmol/L。把实测的PaCO₂与温特公式比较。点选你的解读。

1. 1适当的代偿
2. 2合并呼吸性酸中毒
3. 3合并呼吸性碱中毒

这条 II 导联心电图显示传导比例固定的心房扑动。求出心室率（单位：次/分）。

依次按五个步骤解读这条 II 导联心电图：心率、节律、P 波、PR 间期、QRS 时限。你在哪一步发现第一个异常？点击它。

1. 1折旧率
2. 2节律
3. 3P 波
4. 4PR 间期
5. 5QRS 时限