NCLEX 风格练习题（RN）：速成包

护士在什么情况下可以未经患者同意分享保密信息？

1. A只要亲属提出要求
2. B另一病房的同事好奇时
3. C记者打听一位名人患者的情况时
4. D为保护某人免受严重伤害的风险而有必要时

一名护士被用过的针头刺伤。正确的第一步处理是什么？

1. A让伤口自然出血，用肥皂和流动水冲洗，然后立即报告
2. B用刷子和酒精用力擦洗该处，然后在下班时报告
3. C用嘴吸伤口以吸出血液
4. D做完这个班，第二天再报告

A patient with delirium is at risk of falls and of pulling out lines. Which option is less restrictive than restraints?

1. AA trained sitter or video monitoring with staff nearby
2. BFour side rails raised and the door closed so the patient stays in bed
3. CA sedative given every few hours as needed
4. DA vest restraint applied for the whole night

While preparing a chemotherapy infusion, the drug splashes onto a nurse’s forearm. What should the nurse do first?

1. ACover the area with a dressing and report later
2. BWipe the skin with an alcohol swab and continue preparing the infusion
3. CRemove contaminated PPE and wash the skin with soap and water at once
4. DFinish hanging the infusion and then wash the skin

一名患者突然流鼻血，意识清醒，呼吸正常。护士首先做什么？

1. A头向后仰，并在颈后敷冰
2. B让患者用力擤鼻子以清除血块
3. C让患者坐起，身体前倾，并捏住鼻子的软骨部分
4. D让患者平躺，膝下垫枕头

A charge nurse notices that a nurse smells of alcohol and is slurring words at the start of the shift. What is the priority?

1. AWait until the end of the shift and then discuss the concern with the nurse privately
2. BLet the nurse work, but only with stable patients
3. CAsk the nurse to drink coffee and then start work
4. DRemove the nurse from patient care and report it according to policy

A patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome has weakness spreading upwards from the legs. Which monitoring is most important?

1. ABreathing function, such as forced vital capacity
2. BWeekly weight
3. CVisual acuity
4. DBlood glucose, measured once a day before breakfast

A patient has a full-thickness burn all the way round the forearm. Which complication must be watched for closely?

1. AHypoglycaemia caused by the body using glucose to heal the burn
2. BDelayed hair growth on the arm
3. CExcessive bleeding from the burn surface needing an urgent blood transfusion
4. DLoss of circulation to the hand as swelling builds under tight burned skin

In the US, when is a pregnant woman without known risk factors usually screened for gestational diabetes?

1. AAt about 6–8 weeks of pregnancy
2. BAt about 24–28 weeks of pregnancy
3. CAt about 38–40 weeks of pregnancy
4. DOnly after the baby is born

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. AAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate
2. BLarge-volume IV fluid replacement
3. COral glucose-lowering tablets
4. DStrict fluid restriction

A patient is starting lisinopril. Which rare but serious adverse effect should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?

1. ADarker skin after exposure to sunlight
2. BAn increase in appetite in the evening
3. CSwelling of the lips, tongue or face
4. DA harmless rash on the palms of the hands

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3.1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. ALow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
2. BPotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
3. CInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster
4. DInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low

A patient with chest pain has a first troponin result within the normal range one hour after the pain started. Why is a repeat test arranged?

1. ATroponin may take a few hours to rise after muscle damage
2. BThe first sample is always contaminated
3. CTroponin falls during an MI, so a lower value confirms it
4. DThe repeat test is only needed for patients over 80

一名胸痛患者的 II、III 和 aVF 导联 ST 段抬高。血压 86/54 mmHg，肺部清晰，颈静脉怒张。护士应对哪种处方药提出疑问？

1. ASpO₂ 低于目标值时给氧
2. B舌下含服硝酸甘油（glyceryl trinitrate）
3. C静脉止吐药
4. D嚼服阿司匹林 300 mg

What is the main purpose of continuous bladder irrigation after a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)?

1. ATo give the patient extra fluids
2. BTo measure the size of the bladder
3. CTo treat a urinary infection after the operation
4. DTo stop blood clots from blocking the catheter

A patient with lung cancer is confused, dehydrated and constipated, with a corrected calcium of 3.4 mmol/L (about 13.6 mg/dL). What is usually the first treatment?

1. AIV fluids to rehydrate the patient
2. BOral calcium tablets
3. CIV calcium gluconate and vitamin D
4. DA fluid restriction

许多化疗药物给药后，对体液采取特殊预防措施通常要持续多长时间？

1. A从不需要
2. B整整一年
3. C通常约 48 小时
4. D仅在输注期间

通过外周套管针静脉输注长春新碱时，患者报告灼痛，输注部位肿胀。护士首先应做什么？

1. A用生理盐水冲洗套管针，把残留药物推入静脉
2. B停止输注，保留套管针以回抽，并遵循规程
3. C立即拔除套管针并按摩该区域以扩散药物
4. D减慢速度继续输注，并在该部位敷冰袋

A woman at 10 weeks has morning sickness. Which suggestion is most likely to help?

1. ADrink large amounts of fluid with each meal
2. BEat dry crackers before rising and eat small meals
3. CEat spicy and fatty foods to settle the stomach
4. DSkip breakfast and eat one large meal in the evening

在产后病房，哪项发现应立即上报？

1. A第 2 天出现红色恶露
2. B产妇在 15 分钟内浸透一大块卫生垫
3. C第 2 天宫底在脐下 2 cm
4. D第 1 天轻度会阴肿胀

What is the main purpose of medical play with a doll and real equipment before surgery?

1. ATo keep the child busy so the nurse can do other work
2. BTo let the child express fears and gain a sense of control
3. CTo test the child's intelligence
4. DTo teach the child how the surgeons will do the operation

A family with a 2-year-old has a swimming pool in the garden. Which measure gives the most protection against drowning?

1. AArm floats whenever the child is near the pool
2. BA four-sided fence with a self-closing, self-latching gate, plus constant supervision
3. CExplaining to the child that the pool is dangerous
4. DSwimming lessons from age 2, so that close supervision is no longer needed

What is the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) used for?

1. ATo rate the severity of depression
2. BTo screen for and monitor tardive dyskinesia
3. CTo measure the severity of alcohol withdrawal
4. DTo assess the risk of a patient becoming violent

Verbal de-escalation has failed, and a patient picks up a chair and threatens to throw it at the nurse. What should the nurse do first?

1. AShout loudly at the patient to put the chair down at once, so that he knows the nurse is in charge
2. BGrab the chair from the patient quickly before he can use it
3. CKeep a safe distance, call for help and avoid trying to take the chair alone
4. DTurn her back and walk away slowly without saying anything

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一位患者的体温为 96.5 °F。用 °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 把它换算为摄氏度T。取到一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一次输注从 18:35 开始，到次日早晨 01:50 结束（24 小时制）。它运行了多少分钟t？

一名体重 10 kg 的儿童按 5 mg/kg 处方用药。原液浓度为 25 mg/mL。请抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

处方剂量为 235 微克。安瓿浓度为 0.5 mg/mL。请用 1 mL 注射器抽取剂量：应给多少体积 V？

用滴系数为 20 滴/mL 的输液器在 12 小时内输入 1500 mL。求滴速 R（滴/分）。 取整到最接近的整数。

50 mg 药物溶于 250 mL 的输液以 12 mL/h 运行。患者每分钟接受多少微克 D？

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一项练习规程要求为体重 73 kg 的患者推注肝素 70 units/kg。药瓶规格为 5 000 units/mL。应抽取多少体积 V？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋中含dopamine 800 mg，容量 500 mL。医嘱为 5 mcg/kg/min，患者体重 66 kg。输液泵速率 R 应设为多少 mL/h？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 记录显示了一名患者在一个 12 小时班次中的出入量。静脉输液在整个班次中按所示速率输注。求液体平衡 B = 入量 − 出量，以 mL 计（答案为负表示净丢失）。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一袋 1000 mL 的液体用输液泵以 60 mL/h 输注。到 09:30 时已输入 400 mL。还要多少小时 t 袋子才会输完？ 保留一位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一位患者的脉搏为 121 次/分，血压为 102/66 mmHg。求休克指数SI = HR/SBP。取到两位小数。

练习题（虚构数值，不作为临床指导）。 一名成人体重 118 kg，身高 170 cm。计算 BMI 并点击 WHO 体重分类。

1. 1体重过轻
2. 2健康体重
3. 3超重
4. 4肥胖 I 级
5. 5肥胖 II 级
6. 6肥胖 III 级

某练习血气显示代谢性酸中毒，HCO₃⁻ 14 mmol/L。用温特公式求预期PaCO₂（范围的中心），单位 mmHg。

某练习血气显示呼吸性酸中毒：pH 7.27，PaCO₂ 70 mmHg (9.3 kPa)，HCO₃⁻ 31 mmol/L。利用规则“HCO₃⁻ 每 10 mmHg 升高 1 mmol/L（急性）或 3.5 mmol/L（慢性）”进行分类。点选你的答案。

1. 1急性
2. 2慢性
3. 3慢性基础上的急性

在这条规则的 II 导联心电图上测量 QT 间期和 R–R 间期，然后用 Bazett 公式 QTc = QT/√RR（均以秒计）计算经心率校正的QTc。答案以秒表示，保留三位小数。

请解读这条 II 导联心电图条带。仅凭这一条心电图条带，你能为哪种解读辩护？点击你的答案。

1. 1窦性心动过缓
2. 2三度（完全性）房室传导阻滞
3. 3二度 I 型房室传导阻滞（文氏现象）
4. 42:1 房室传导阻滞（类型未定）