II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1正常窦性心律
2心房颤动
3交界性心律
4一度房室传导阻滞
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
这条 II 导联心电图显示心房与心室之间存在传导问题。这是什么节律?点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1二度 I 型房室传导阻滞(文氏现象)
2交界性心律
3二度 II 型房室传导阻滞
4三度(完全性)房室传导阻滞
13.优先排序与委派中等
A young adult has just started an SSRI antidepressant for major depression. What should the nurse monitor most closely in the first weeks?
AHair growth and skin color
BWeight loss from too much appetite
CThoughts of suicide or self-harm
DRising blood glucose levels
14.优先排序与委派困难
During birth, the baby’s head delivers but the shoulders do not follow. What should the nurse do first?
AAsk the mother to stop pushing and wait an hour
BHelp with the McRoberts position and give suprapubic pressure as directed
CPull hard on the baby’s head and neck to free the trapped shoulders quickly
DPush firmly on the top of the uterus (fundal pressure)
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
对于感染 Neisseria meningitidis 的患者,飞沫传播预防通常应在何时停止?
A有效抗生素治疗 24 小时后
B退热一小时后
C仅在患者出院后
D给予第一剂抗生素后立即停止
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A patient refuses to wear an identification wristband. What should the nurse do?
AExplain why it is needed, use other ID methods per policy and document
BStop giving the patient any care until they agree to wear the band
CForce the band onto the patient’s wrist
DAccept the refusal and identify the patient by room number and bed space instead
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
对于疑似脓毒症的患者,应在何时采集血培养?
A在首剂抗生素之前,且不要过多延误给药
B仅在发热持续超过三天时
C在前三剂抗生素之后
D任何时候,因为抗生素不影响结果
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
After lying on the floor for many hours, a patient has a CK of 40,000 U/L, a potassium of 6.1 mEq/L and dark urine. Which prescribed treatment is the priority?
AFluid restriction to protect the heart from overload
BLarge-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
CHigh-dose NSAIDs for the muscle pain
DAn oral potassium supplement with each meal
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: B · Gently pull the outer ear up and back
为什么是这个答案
Pulling the pinna up and back straightens the adult ear canal so the probe points at the eardrum. In young children the pinna is pulled down and back instead.
答案
B · Gently pull the outer ear up and back
2.护理学基础
答案: D · Preparation
为什么是这个答案
In preparation the person intends to act soon and has taken small steps, such as buying patches. Action begins when they actually stop smoking.
答案
D · Preparation
3.临床护理
答案: A · Stop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
为什么是这个答案
Suspected extravasation of a vesicant needs the infusion stopped immediately. Local protocols then guide aspiration through the cannula, specific treatments, elevation, documentation and specialist review.
答案
A · Stop the infusion straight away and follow the extravasation protocol
4.临床护理
答案: B · Arrange a professional interpreter
为什么是这个答案
Professional interpreters provide accurate, impartial translation and protect confidentiality. Children and family members should not be used for important clinical discussions such as consent.
节律标准(II 导联):窦性心律每个 QRS 之前都有直立的 P 波,PR 恒定为 0.12–0.20 s,QRS 狭窄:60–100 次/分为正常窦性心律,低于 60 为窦性心动过缓,高于 100 为窦性心动过速。心房颤动:无 P 波,基线呈颤动,R–R 绝对不规则。心房扑动:约 250–350 次/分的锯齿状扑动波,伴固定的传导比例,如 2:1 或 4:1。一度房室传导阻滞:窦性心律,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。交界性心律:窄 QRS,40–60 次/分,P 波缺失或倒置(PR 低于 0.12 s,或 P 波在 QRS 之后)。室性早搏(PVC)是提前出现的宽大(0.12 s 或以上)、形态怪异的 QRS,没有 P 波,T 波方向相反,通常有完全性代偿间歇;二联律是指每隔一个搏动就有一个室性早搏。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 31 个小格,1500 ÷ 31 ≈ 48 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 1.24 s。
3. P 波:看不到。
4. PR 间期:无法测量。
5. QRS:0.10 s,狭窄(低于 0.12 s)。
解读
交界性心律
答案
交界性心律
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 三度(完全性)房室传导阻滞
房室传导阻滞:逐个标出 P 波,检查哪些 P 波后面跟着 QRS。一度:每个 P 波都下传,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。二度 I 型(Mobitz I,文氏现象):PR 逐搏延长,直到一个 P 波未下传,然后周期重新开始(成组搏动)。二度 II 型(Mobitz II):下传搏动的 PR 保持恒定,P 波突然不下传;QRS 常增宽。三度(完全性)阻滞:P 波和 QRS 波群各自规则但互相独立,PR 随机变化,心房率快于逸搏率(交界性逸搏 40–60 次/分,QRS 窄;室性逸搏 20–40 次/分,QRS 宽)。2:1 阻滞仅凭一份条带无法判断是 I 型还是 II 型。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 53 个小格,1500 ÷ 53 ≈ 28 次/分。
2. 节律:R–R 规则(2.12 s),P–P 规则(0.84 s),但二者互相独立。
3. P 波:直立且规则,为 71 次/分,但与 QRS 波群无关联;有些藏在 QRS 或 T 波中。
4. PR 间期:逐搏变化;没有固定关系。
5. QRS:0.14 s,增宽(0.12 s 或以上)。
解读
三度(完全性)房室传导阻滞
答案
三度(完全性)房室传导阻滞
II 型和三度阻滞可能突然进展,所以教科书将它们列为比 I 型更严重。
13.优先排序与委派
答案: C · Thoughts of suicide or self-harm
为什么是这个答案
In the early weeks of antidepressant treatment, especially in young people, suicidal thoughts may increase. Patients and families are taught to report them at once.
答案
C · Thoughts of suicide or self-harm
14.优先排序与委派
答案: B · Help with the McRoberts position and give suprapubic pressure as directed
为什么是这个答案
In shoulder dystocia, the McRoberts maneuver (flexing the mother’s thighs onto her abdomen) and suprapubic pressure help free the shoulder. Fundal pressure and pulling on the head can worsen the injury.
答案
B · Help with the McRoberts position and give suprapubic pressure as directed
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · 有效抗生素治疗 24 小时后
为什么是这个答案
有效抗生素治疗 24 小时后,患者不再被视为具有传染性,因此可根据当地规定停止飞沫传播预防。
答案
A · 有效抗生素治疗 24 小时后
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · Explain why it is needed, use other ID methods per policy and document
为什么是这个答案
The nurse explains how the band prevents errors. If the patient still refuses, the nurse follows policy for alternative identification using two identifiers, informs the team and documents it.
答案
A · Explain why it is needed, use other ID methods per policy and document
答案: B · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring
为什么是这个答案
Rhabdomyolysis releases myoglobin, which can cause acute kidney injury, and potassium, which can cause arrhythmias. Early aggressive IV fluids, a target urine output and cardiac monitoring are priorities. NSAIDs and potassium would worsen kidney injury and hyperkalemia.核对依据:Rhabdomyolysis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答案
B · Large-volume IV fluids with cardiac monitoring