II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1心肺复苏(不可电击心律)
2经皮起搏
3立即除颤
4同步电复律
13.优先排序与委派中等
A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
B“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
C“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”
D“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
14.优先排序与委派困难
在资源极其有限的灾难中,一名几乎全身严重烧伤的伤员被标为黑色。哪项原则解释了这个决定?
A为最多的人做最大的好事
B先救治伤势最重的人
C按到达的顺序救治伤员
D先救治最年幼的伤员
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
A visitor with a cold wants to see a patient who has severe neutropenia. What should the nurse advise?
AVisit as usual after washing the hands
BVisit but avoid touching the patient’s bed
CPostpone the visit until the visitor is well
DVisit only if the cold started more than a day ago
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A nurse often skips barcode scanning to save time, as many colleagues do. In a just culture, how is this behavior classed?
ASimple human error, managed only by consoling the nurse and moving on
BAt-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
CReckless behavior, managed by immediate dismissal and reporting to the licensing board
DAcceptable behavior, because it is common on the unit
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A breathless patient in the emergency department has a BNP below 100 pg/mL. What does this suggest?
AHeart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
BSevere heart failure is certainly the cause of the problem
CThe kidneys are failing and the patient needs dialysis
DThe patient has had a myocardial infarction in the past day
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
一名严重呕吐的患者钾 3.0 mEq/L,氯 88 mEq/L,碳酸氢盐高。这显示什么模式?
A伴高阴离子间隙的糖尿病酮症酸中毒
B高钾伴脱水所致的代谢性酸中毒
C结果正常,无需随访
D胃酸丢失:低钾、低氯、代谢性碱中毒
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: D · Stomach irritation and bleeding
为什么是这个答案
NSAIDs can irritate the stomach lining and cause ulcers and bleeding. They are taken with food, avoided in some patients and may also affect the kidneys.
答案: D · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
为什么是这个答案
Digoxin binds to the sodium–potassium ATPase at the site potassium normally uses. When potassium is low, digoxin binds more, raising the risk of toxicity and arrhythmias.
答案
D · Low potassium increases the risk of digoxin toxicity
答案: B · “I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
为什么是这个答案
Pursed-lip breathing means breathing in through the nose and out slowly through pursed lips, making exhalation longer. This keeps airways open and reduces air trapping.
答案
B · “I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
答案: C · Postpone the visit until the visitor is well
为什么是这个答案
Patients with severe neutropenia cannot fight infections well. People with respiratory or other infections should not visit until they are well; other visitors perform hand hygiene.
答案
C · Postpone the visit until the visitor is well
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · At-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
为什么是这个答案
At-risk behavior is a choice whose risk is not recognized or is believed to be justified, often because shortcuts have become normal. It is managed by coaching and removing the pressures behind it, while reckless behavior may need disciplinary action.
答案
B · At-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · Heart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness
为什么是这个答案
BNP is released from stretched ventricles, so a low value makes heart failure an unlikely cause of acute breathlessness. A high value supports heart failure, but BNP also rises with age, kidney disease and pulmonary embolism.核对依据:Natriuretic Peptide Tests (BNP, NT-proBNP) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答案
A · Heart failure is an unlikely cause of the breathlessness