II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1窦性心动过缓
2心脏停搏
3无脉性电活动(PEA)
4心室颤动
13.优先排序与委派中等
Which patient is at the highest risk of falling?
AAn 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
BA 30-year-old after an appendectomy who walks with steady steps
CA 60-year-old admitted for chest pain that has since been ruled out by tests
DA 45-year-old with asthma who is alert and independent
14.优先排序与委派困难
A patient on airborne precautions for suspected tuberculosis must go to the radiology department. What should the patient wear during transport?
AGloves and a gown only
BNothing, if the trip is short
CA fit-tested N95 respirator
DA surgical mask
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
A patient has fallen, and the nurse completes an incident report. Which statement about this report is correct?
AIt replaces the need to document the fall in the patient’s record
BA copy of it is placed in the patient’s chart so all staff know about the fall
CIt is written factually and does not replace documenting the fall in the patient’s record
DIt is only needed when the patient is injured
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A nurse has a needlestick from a patient known to have hepatitis C. Which statement about management is correct?
AHepatitis C immune globulin is given within 24 hours, followed by a booster dose
BNo follow-up is needed because hepatitis C does not spread by needles
CThe hepatitis C vaccine series is started at once, with a booster dose six months later
DThere is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
万古霉素谷浓度高于目标范围。主要担忧是哪种不良反应?
A便秘和腹胀
B血小板计数升高(血小板增多症)
C肾损害(肾毒性)
D低血糖
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease has a mildly raised troponin that has stayed the same on several tests over months. There is no chest pain and the ECG is unchanged. What is the best interpretation?
AA sign of skeletal muscle injury, because troponin comes from all muscles
BProof of an acute myocardial infarction that needs emergency treatment now
CA chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
DA laboratory error, because troponin is never raised in kidney disease
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · Psychomotor
为什么是这个答案
The psychomotor domain covers physical skills, the cognitive domain covers knowledge and the affective domain covers attitudes and feelings. Skills are learned by demonstration and practice.
答案
C · Psychomotor
2.护理学基础
答案: B · Give a longer-acting carbohydrate, such as a sandwich
为什么是这个答案
Fast-acting glucose raises the level quickly but briefly. A starchy snack, or the next meal if due, keeps it from falling again. The episode is recorded and its cause reviewed.
答案
B · Give a longer-acting carbohydrate, such as a sandwich
3.临床护理
答案: B · A person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is shown that they lack it
为什么是这个答案
The Act begins by presuming capacity. Capacity is decision-specific and time-specific, and people must be given all practicable help to make their own decision.
答案
B · A person must be assumed to have capacity unless it is shown that they lack it
4.临床护理
答案: A · APTT for heparin and INR for warfarin
为什么是这个答案
The APTT reflects the intrinsic pathway and is used to adjust heparin infusions. Warfarin is monitored by the INR, a standardised prothrombin time. Platelets are also checked on heparin to detect HIT.
答案: A · An 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
为什么是这个答案
A previous fall is one of the strongest risk factors. Older age, diuretics and getting up at night to urinate add further risk, so this patient needs fall precautions.
答案
A · An 84-year-old taking a diuretic who has fallen before and gets up at night
14.优先排序与委派
答案: D · A surgical mask
为什么是这个答案
A patient with an airborne infection wears a surgical mask outside the isolation room to contain respiratory particles. Staff caring for the patient wear fit-tested respirators, and the receiving department is told in advance.
答案
D · A surgical mask
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: C · It is written factually and does not replace documenting the fall in the patient’s record
为什么是这个答案
The nurse documents the facts of the fall, the assessment and the care given in the patient’s record. The incident report is a separate quality-improvement document and is not filed in the chart. Policies differ on whether the record notes that a report was made: many US facilities advise against it, while many UK services record the report reference. Falls are reported whether or not there is an injury.
答案
C · It is written factually and does not replace documenting the fall in the patient’s record
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: D · There is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
为什么是这个答案
There is no vaccine or post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis C. The exposure is reported, baseline tests are taken and follow-up testing identifies infection early, because effective treatment is available.
答案
D · There is no preventive drug, so baseline and follow-up testing are done to detect infection early
答案: C · A chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
为什么是这个答案
Troponin is often chronically raised in CKD and other conditions. Acute infarction is diagnosed by a rise and/or fall in troponin together with symptoms or ECG changes, so serial results are compared with the patient's baseline.核对依据:Troponin Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2023)
答案
C · A chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern