A patient has a hematocrit of 60% and a raised red cell mass. Which result suggests polycythemia vera rather than secondary polycythemia from chronic hypoxia?
AA high erythropoietin level
BA low erythropoietin level
CA low oxygen saturation
DA high carboxyhemoglobin
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: A · Into the pocket of the lower eyelid
为什么是这个答案
Drops go into the lower conjunctival sac, which is less sensitive than the cornea. Pressing gently on the inner corner afterwards reduces drainage into the nose.
答案
A · Into the pocket of the lower eyelid
2.护理学基础
答案: B · Refeeding syndrome with low phosphate, potassium and magnesium
为什么是这个答案
When feeding restarts after starvation, insulin release drives phosphate, potassium and magnesium into the cells. Low levels can cause heart failure and arrhythmias, so feeding starts slowly and bloods are monitored.
答案
B · Refeeding syndrome with low phosphate, potassium and magnesium
3.临床护理
答案: A · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
为什么是这个答案
Someone who has never had chickenpox can catch chickenpox from contact with shingles blisters. Non-immune pregnant and immunocompromised people are at particular risk, so lesions are covered and precautions followed.
答案
A · Pregnant women and immunocompromised people who have not had chickenpox
4.临床护理
答案: A · They may have no fever and present with confusion, falls or reduced mobility
为什么是这个答案
Older people may have a normal or low temperature and present with delirium, falls or general decline. Early warning scores and a high index of suspicion are important.
答案
A · They may have no fever and present with confusion, falls or reduced mobility
答案: A · With routine hygiene, using soap and water during daily washing
为什么是这个答案
Routine perineal hygiene with soap and water is recommended. Antiseptic creams and routine irrigation do not reduce infection, and moving the catheter in and out carries organisms into the bladder.
答案
A · With routine hygiene, using soap and water during daily washing
In polycythemia vera, a marrow mutation (usually JAK2) drives red cell production, so erythropoietin is low. In secondary polycythemia from hypoxia (COPD, high altitude, smoking), erythropoietin is high. Often white cells and platelets are also raised in polycythemia vera.