II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
QTc = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1心室颤动
2交界性心律
3三度(完全性)房室传导阻滞
4心脏停搏
13.优先排序与委派中等
A patient has a blood pressure of 210/120 mmHg. Which finding would make this a hypertensive emergency?
AForgetting to take the blood pressure tablet this morning
BNew chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
CA history of high blood pressure for ten years
DMild anxiety about the high reading on the monitor
14.优先排序与委派困难
On an addiction unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?
AAsking for an extra blanket and a hot drink
BYawning, with a runny nose and dilated pupils
CDrowsy with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 7/min
DAnxious, with goose bumps, stomach cramps and loose stools
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
When should the transparent dressing over a peripheral IV site be changed?
AEvery hour, so the site can be cleaned again
BWhen it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
COnly when the patient asks for a new dressing
DOnly when the IV catheter is removed, whatever its state
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A toddler has bruises of different ages and a burn, and the parent’s explanation does not fit the injuries. What should the nurse do?
ADocument only and say nothing to anyone
BReport the concern following child-protection (safeguarding) procedures
CConfront the parent and ask them to admit to abuse
DWait until there is clear proof of abuse before reporting anything at all
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
哪一组表现符合高钙血症?
A便秘、疲劳、意识模糊和肾结石
B仅有口渴和非常稀的尿液
C仅有 T 波高尖和肌无力
D手足搐搦、肌肉痉挛和 Chvostek 征阳性
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient started methimazole for hyperthyroidism 6 weeks ago and now has a fever and a severe sore throat. Which action is most important?
AHold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
BAdvise the patient to continue the drug and drink more fluid
CCheck the TSH and double the dose if it is still low
DGive the next dose and suggest warm salt-water gargles for comfort
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · "Ate half of lunch; drank 200 mL of water."
为什么是这个答案
Objective entries describe what was observed or measured. Vague or judgemental phrases such as "good" or "as usual" cannot be checked or compared.
答案
C · "Ate half of lunch; drank 200 mL of water."
2.护理学基础
答案: A · Ask the patient to show how they use it
为什么是这个答案
A return demonstration shows whether a psychomotor skill has been learned and lets the nurse correct mistakes. Saying "yes, I understand" does not prove the technique is right.
QT 与 QTc:QT 间期从 QRS 波群起点到 T 波终点。它随心率加快而缩短,因此要用以秒为单位的 R–R 间期按心率校正:Bazett QTc = QT/√RR,Fridericia QTc = QT/∛RR。多数教科书使用 Bazett 公式;它在心率快时校正过度,此时宜用 Fridericia。各参考标准的界限不同:QTc 男性高于约 0.45 s、女性高于约 0.46 s 通常称为延长,高于 0.50 s 称为明显延长。
测量
QT = 11 × 0.04 = 0.44 s
RR = 24 × 0.04 = 0.96 s
Bazett 公式
QTc = 0.44/√0.96 = 0.44/0.9798 = 0.449 s
答案
QTc = 0.449 s
在通常上限之内(男性约 0.45 s,女性约 0.46 s)。(449 ms)
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 心脏停搏
室性节律:室性心动过速是连续三个或以上宽大(0.12 s 或以上)的波群,频率超过 100 次/分,通常为 150–250 次/分,节律规则,没有相关的 P 波。心室颤动是紊乱、不规则的波形,无法辨认 P 波、QRS 波群或 T 波,也没有可计数的频率。心脏停搏是几乎平直的线,没有心室活动;平直线一定要通过检查患者、导联和增益并换一个导联来确认。在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律,心脏停搏则不是。
答案: B · New chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
为什么是这个答案
Severe hypertension becomes an emergency when there is acute organ damage, such as chest pain, neurological changes or kidney injury. It needs urgent, controlled lowering of the blood pressure.
答案
B · New chest pain or confusion suggesting organ damage
14.优先排序与委派
答案: C · Drowsy with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 7/min
为什么是这个答案
Pinpoint pupils, drowsiness and slow breathing suggest opioid overdose, which can be fatal. Yawning, a runny nose, dilated pupils and cramps are signs of opioid withdrawal, which is distressing but rarely life-threatening.
答案
C · Drowsy with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 7/min
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · When it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
为什么是这个答案
A dressing that is wet, loose or dirty no longer protects the insertion site and is changed using aseptic technique. Otherwise, it is changed according to policy.
答案
B · When it is damp, loose or visibly soiled
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · Report the concern following child-protection (safeguarding) procedures
为什么是这个答案
Injuries that do not match the history must be reported, and proof is not needed. In the US, nurses are legally mandated reporters; in the UK and many other countries, safeguarding procedures require the concern to be referred to the designated lead or children’s social care. The child’s safety is ensured and the findings are documented factually.
答案
B · Report the concern following child-protection (safeguarding) procedures
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · 便秘、疲劳、意识模糊和肾结石
为什么是这个答案
高钙降低神经和肌肉的兴奋性,引起疲劳、便秘、意识模糊、骨痛和肾结石。手足搐搦和 Chvostek 征是低钙的征象。核对依据:Calcium Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)
答案
A · 便秘、疲劳、意识模糊和肾结石
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count
为什么是这个答案
Methimazole and propylthiouracil can cause agranulocytosis, often in the first months of therapy. Fever or sore throat must be reported at once; the drug is held and a CBC with differential is checked. Infection is treated urgently if neutrophils are low.
答案
A · Hold the drug and arrange an urgent white cell and neutrophil count