答案: A · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
为什么是这个答案
Routine help with care for a stable patient can be delegated. Assessment, teaching and evaluation need registered nurse judgement.
答案
A · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
3.临床护理
答案: B · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
为什么是这个答案
Suctioning only on withdrawal and keeping it brief reduces hypoxia and mucosal damage. Suction is performed when needed, not routinely, and the patient is pre-oxygenated if required.
答案
B · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
QT 与 QTc:QT 间期从 QRS 波群起点到 T 波终点。它随心率加快而缩短,因此要用以秒为单位的 R–R 间期按心率校正:Bazett QTc = QT/√RR,Fridericia QTc = QT/∛RR。多数教科书使用 Bazett 公式;它在心率快时校正过度,此时宜用 Fridericia。各参考标准的界限不同:QTc 男性高于约 0.45 s、女性高于约 0.46 s 通常称为延长,高于 0.50 s 称为明显延长。
测量
QT = 9.5 × 0.04 = 0.38 s
RR = 15 × 0.04 = 0.60 s
Bazett 公式
QTc = 0.38/√0.60 = 0.38/0.7746 = 0.491 s
答案
QTc = 0.491 s
超过男性(约 0.45 s)和女性(约 0.46 s)的通常上限:延长。(491 ms)
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 二度 II 型房室传导阻滞
房室传导阻滞:逐个标出 P 波,检查哪些 P 波后面跟着 QRS。一度:每个 P 波都下传,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。二度 I 型(Mobitz I,文氏现象):PR 逐搏延长,直到一个 P 波未下传,然后周期重新开始(成组搏动)。二度 II 型(Mobitz II):下传搏动的 PR 保持恒定,P 波突然不下传;QRS 常增宽。三度(完全性)阻滞:P 波和 QRS 波群各自规则但互相独立,PR 随机变化,心房率快于逸搏率(交界性逸搏 40–60 次/分,QRS 窄;室性逸搏 20–40 次/分,QRS 宽)。2:1 阻滞仅凭一份条带无法判断是 I 型还是 II 型。
五个步骤
1. 心率:6 秒内有 5 个 QRS 波群,× 10 = 50 次/分。
2. 节律:P 波规则;R–R 规则,只有一处因缺少 QRS 而出现长暂停。
3. P 波:直立且规则(P–P 0.84 s,71 次/分);每 4 个 P 波中有一个后面没有 QRS。
答案: A · The injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
为什么是这个答案
Most 2-month-olds cannot roll, and a spiral fracture in a non-mobile infant suggests a twisting force. Nurses must report suspected abuse according to law and policy.
答案
A · The injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · Whether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
为什么是这个答案
The MRI magnet can move or heat metal objects and can stop some implanted devices from working. Patients are screened for implants, pacemakers, metal fragments and metal items such as jewelry before entering the scanner room.
答案
A · Whether the patient has any metal implants or devices, such as a pacemaker
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: C · Use an electronic wander alert, supervise closely and offer meaningful activity
为什么是这个答案
Wander alert systems, close supervision, orientation and activity reduce the risk of elopement without restricting the patient. Seclusion, restraints and sedation used for convenience are not appropriate.
答案
C · Use an electronic wander alert, supervise closely and offer meaningful activity
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: C · Complete blood count
为什么是这个答案
Hydroxyurea increases fetal hemoglobin and reduces sickling crises, but it can suppress the bone marrow. The CBC, including neutrophils and platelets, is monitored regularly, and doses are adjusted if counts fall.核对依据:Sickle cell disease · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答案
C · Complete blood count
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · Low magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium
为什么是这个答案
Poor diet, vomiting, diarrhea and alcohol's effect on the kidneys commonly cause low magnesium, phosphate and potassium. These worsen arrhythmia and seizure risk, so they are checked and replaced, together with thiamine.
答案
D · Low magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium