练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 在 24 小时内,一位患者接受 1000 mL 肠外营养,终浓度为 12.5% 葡萄糖和 5% 氨基酸,另加 250 mL 10% 脂肪乳(1.1 kcal/mL)。 求患者获得的总热量E(kcal/天)。 取整到最接近的整数。
1000 mL葡萄糖 12.5%氨基酸 5%脂肪 250 mL · 1.1 kcal/mL
E = kcal/天
11.心电图节律条带解读中等
测量这条 II 导联心电图上的QT 间期,以秒为单位。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
QT = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
依次按五个步骤解读这条 II 导联心电图:心率、节律、P 波、PR 间期、QRS 时限。你在哪一步发现第一个异常?点击它。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1折旧率
2节律
3P 波
4PR 间期
5QRS 时限
13.优先排序与委派中等
哪项陈述表明对委派中的问责有正确理解?
A“我对决定委派以及跟进结果负有问责。”
B“护理助理要对该任务是否适合委派负责。”
C“如果任务出了问题,只有助理负责。”
D“一旦我委派了任务,就与我无关了。”
14.优先排序与委派困难
四名患者同时到达急诊科。应先看谁?
A一名 2 岁的儿童,流口水,身体前倾,有喘鸣
B一名手臂有伤口、出血已控制的青少年
C一名偏头痛、血压 150/90 mmHg 的成人
D一名脚踝畸形但足部脉搏正常的成人
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
Which practice is safe when transferring a patient from a bed to a stretcher?
ALock the wheels of both the bed and the stretcher before moving the patient
BHave the patient slide across without help or a slide sheet
CLeave the stretcher wheels unlocked so it can move with the patient
DLower the stretcher side rails during transport
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A patient who speaks little English is being discharged with new medications. The patient’s 12-year-old child offers to interpret. What should the nurse do?
ALet the child interpret, because the family prefers it
BGive written instructions in English only
CUse a professional medical interpreter
DUse simple English and many hand gestures
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A patient taking phenazopyridine for bladder pain has bright orange urine. What should the nurse know about urine tests?
AThe drug improves the accuracy of all dipsticks
BThe dye can interfere with dipstick color readings
CThe color proves blood is present in the urine
DThe color shows severe liver failure is present
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A woman with preeclampsia is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Her urine output has fallen and her creatinine is rising. Why is this a concern?
AMagnesium causes potassium loss, so the kidneys release more fluid
BMagnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
CPoor kidney function makes the magnesium level fall quickly
DMagnesium is broken down by the liver, so it will stop working soon
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
为什么是这个答案
In the abdomen the nurse listens before touching, because percussion and palpation can change bowel sounds. In other body systems palpation and percussion come before auscultation.
答案
C · Inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
2.护理学基础
答案: C · A patient with diabetes who is sweaty and shaky with a glucose of 2.9 mmol/L (52 mg/dL)
为什么是这个答案
Hypoglycaemia can quickly lead to unconsciousness and seizures and needs immediate treatment. The other patients' needs are important but can wait a few minutes.
答案
C · A patient with diabetes who is sweaty and shaky with a glucose of 2.9 mmol/L (52 mg/dL)
3.临床护理
答案: B · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
为什么是这个答案
An irreducible, painful, tender hernia, especially with vomiting, suggests incarceration or strangulation. This is a surgical emergency because the trapped bowel can become ischaemic.
答案
B · The lump has become painful and tender and cannot be pushed back
4.临床护理
答案: C · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
为什么是这个答案
Hypothermia reduces the brain's oxygen needs, and good recoveries have occurred after long resuscitation. Death is usually not confirmed until the patient has been rewarmed, unless injuries are clearly not survivable.
答案
C · The cold protects the brain, so recovery may be possible after long resuscitation
答案: A · Lock the wheels of both the bed and the stretcher before moving the patient
为什么是这个答案
Both surfaces are locked and at the same height before the transfer, a slide sheet is used and enough staff help. Side rails are raised on the stretcher during transport.
答案
A · Lock the wheels of both the bed and the stretcher before moving the patient
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: C · Use a professional medical interpreter
为什么是这个答案
Professional medical interpreters reduce errors and protect privacy. Children and other family members may translate wrongly, leave things out or be placed in a difficult position.
答案
C · Use a professional medical interpreter
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · The dye can interfere with dipstick color readings
为什么是这个答案
Phenazopyridine is a urinary analgesic dye that turns urine orange-red. It can interfere with color-based dipstick tests, so the laboratory should be told. The color is harmless, but it can stain contact lenses and clothing.核对依据:Urine - abnormal color · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答案
B · The dye can interfere with dipstick color readings
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels
为什么是这个答案
Magnesium is cleared by the kidneys, so falling urine output and rising creatinine raise the risk of toxicity. The nurse checks deep tendon reflexes, respiratory rate and level of consciousness, reports the findings and keeps calcium gluconate available as the antidote.核对依据:Magnesium Toxicity (StatPearls) · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答案
B · Magnesium is excreted by the kidneys, so it can build up to toxic levels