A patient says, "I've never seen this tablet before," as the nurse offers it. What should the nurse do?
AGive half the tablet until the doctor visits
BReassure the patient that the tablet is correct and give it
CLeave the tablet on the table for the patient to take later
DStop and recheck the prescription before giving it
2.护理学基础困难
Three days after abdominal surgery, a patient coughs and the wound opens with bowel visible. What should the nurse do first?
ASit the patient fully upright and ask them to cough again
BLeave the wound uncovered so the surgeon can see it
CPush the bowel gently back into the abdomen, then apply a firm bandage over it
DCover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
3.临床护理中等
低钠血症患者应特别监测:
A意识混乱、头痛和癫痫发作
B鲜红色皮疹
C毛发增多
D听力下降
4.临床护理困难
A patient with severe ulcerative colitis develops abdominal distension, fever and tachycardia, and the number of stools falls. What complication should be suspected?
When is a peak level for an IV aminoglycoside such as gentamicin usually drawn?
AAt any time convenient for the patient
BJust before the next dose is started
CAbout 30 minutes after the infusion ends
DExactly 24 hours after the first dose
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient with acute kidney injury after severe dehydration has a rising creatinine. Which urine findings support a prerenal cause rather than acute tubular necrosis (ATN)?
ALow urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
BWhite cell casts with positive nitrites on the dipstick
CRed cell casts with heavy protein loss in the urine
DHigh urine sodium and dilute urine with muddy brown granular casts
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: D · Stop and recheck the prescription before giving it
为什么是这个答案
A patient questioning a medicine may be a sign of an error. The nurse holds the dose, checks the prescription and the drug and explains before giving it.
答案
D · Stop and recheck the prescription before giving it
2.护理学基础
答案: D · Cover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
为什么是这个答案
Evisceration is a surgical emergency. The nurse stays with the patient, covers the bowel with sterile moist dressings, positions them to reduce tension on the wound and calls for urgent surgical review.
答案
D · Cover it with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for urgent help
3.临床护理
答案: A · 意识混乱、头痛和癫痫发作
为什么是这个答案
低钠使水进入脑细胞,导致恶心、头痛、意识混乱,严重时癫痫发作。必须缓慢纠正,以避免渗透性脱髓鞘。
答案
A · 意识混乱、头痛和癫痫发作
4.临床护理
答案: A · Toxic megacolon
为什么是这个答案
Toxic megacolon is acute dilatation of the inflamed colon with systemic toxicity, and it can perforate. Reduced stool frequency with worsening distension is a warning sign needing urgent surgical review.
房室传导阻滞:逐个标出 P 波,检查哪些 P 波后面跟着 QRS。一度:每个 P 波都下传,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。二度 I 型(Mobitz I,文氏现象):PR 逐搏延长,直到一个 P 波未下传,然后周期重新开始(成组搏动)。二度 II 型(Mobitz II):下传搏动的 PR 保持恒定,P 波突然不下传;QRS 常增宽。三度(完全性)阻滞:P 波和 QRS 波群各自规则但互相独立,PR 随机变化,心房率快于逸搏率(交界性逸搏 40–60 次/分,QRS 窄;室性逸搏 20–40 次/分,QRS 宽)。2:1 阻滞仅凭一份条带无法判断是 I 型还是 II 型。
答案: B · “I will lean on the crutch pads under my arms to rest.”
为什么是这个答案
Leaning on the axillary pads can compress the nerves in the armpit. Weight should be taken through the hands, and the home should be made safe from trip hazards.
答案
B · “I will lean on the crutch pads under my arms to rest.”
14.优先排序与委派
答案: A · Apply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site
为什么是这个答案
Direct manual pressure just above the puncture site compresses the femoral artery and stops bleeding. The patient keeps the leg straight, and the nurse checks vital signs and distal pulses and informs the provider.
答案
A · Apply firm, direct pressure just above the puncture site
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: C · Not give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push
为什么是这个答案
Potassium chloride given by IV push can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias and arrest. It is only given diluted by controlled infusion, so the nurse does not give it and contacts the prescriber.
答案
C · Not give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push
Peak aminoglycoside levels are usually drawn about 30 minutes after a 30-minute infusion ends, to confirm the level is high enough to kill bacteria. Troughs, drawn just before the next dose, check for accumulation. Local protocols may differ, especially with once-daily dosing.
答案
C · About 30 minutes after the infusion ends
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity
为什么是这个答案
In prerenal AKI the tubules are intact, so they keep sodium and water, giving a low urine sodium and concentrated urine. In ATN the damaged tubules cannot do this, so urine sodium is high, the urine is dilute and muddy brown casts appear.核对依据:Urine specific gravity test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答案
A · Low urine sodium and concentrated urine with a high specific gravity