II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
QTc = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1窦性心动过速
2室性心动过速
3室上性心动过速(SVT)
4心房颤动
13.优先排序与委派中等
Several patients on a gastroenterology unit need care. Which patient should the nurse see first?
ALong-standing back pain, asking for the usual analgesic
BUlcerative colitis, asking about diet changes for home
CTwo hours after a colonoscopy: rigid abdomen and severe new pain
DCrohn disease, waiting to be taken down for a scheduled CT scan
14.优先排序与委派困难
A patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome has weakness that is spreading up from the legs. Which assessment has the highest priority?
AMuscle strength in the feet and ankles at the start of each morning
BThe patient’s mood and coping
CBreathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
DSkin condition over the heels
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
A nurse who never had BCG vaccine has a positive tuberculin skin test for the first time. The chest x-ray is clear and there are no symptoms. What does this most likely mean?
AImmunity to TB from a past exposure
BActive TB, which needs airborne isolation
CLatent TB infection, which is not contagious
DA failed test that must be repeated next year
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A 2-year-old living in a house built many decades ago has anemia, irritability and poor appetite. Which cause should the nurse suspect?
AIron overload from eating too much red meat
BA food allergy to cow’s milk proteins
CCarbon dioxide from a gas cooker
DLead poisoning from old paint dust or chips
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
一名服用呋塞米的患者钾为 2.9 mEq/L。护士预期会出现哪项发现?
A肠道过度活跃引起的腹泻和腹部绞痛
B口周麻刺感,Chvostek 征阳性
C肌肉无力和腿部抽筋
D心电图上 T 波高尖
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A middle-aged man has fatigue, joint pain, a raised ALT and new diabetes. His ferritin is very high and his transferrin saturation is above 60%. Which condition is most likely?
AIron-deficiency anemia
BHereditary hemochromatosis
CAnemia of chronic disease
DAcute viral hepatitis A
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: B · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
为什么是这个答案
Tolerance is a physical adaptation in which the same dose has less effect over time. It is not the same as addiction, which involves craving and harmful use.
答案
B · Needing a higher dose to get the same pain relief
答案: C · Restoring blood flow through the blocked coronary artery quickly
为什么是这个答案
ST-elevation myocardial infarction means a coronary artery is usually completely blocked. Urgent reperfusion by primary PCI, or thrombolysis if PCI is not available in time, limits the amount of heart muscle that dies.
答案
C · Restoring blood flow through the blocked coronary artery quickly
QT 与 QTc:QT 间期从 QRS 波群起点到 T 波终点。它随心率加快而缩短,因此要用以秒为单位的 R–R 间期按心率校正:Bazett QTc = QT/√RR,Fridericia QTc = QT/∛RR。多数教科书使用 Bazett 公式;它在心率快时校正过度,此时宜用 Fridericia。各参考标准的界限不同:QTc 男性高于约 0.45 s、女性高于约 0.46 s 通常称为延长,高于 0.50 s 称为明显延长。
测量
QT = 8 × 0.04 = 0.32 s
RR = 18 × 0.04 = 0.72 s
Bazett 公式
QTc = 0.32/√0.72 = 0.32/0.8485 = 0.377 s
答案
QTc = 0.377 s
在通常上限之内(男性约 0.45 s,女性约 0.46 s)。(377 ms)
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 室性心动过速
室性节律:室性心动过速是连续三个或以上宽大(0.12 s 或以上)的波群,频率超过 100 次/分,通常为 150–250 次/分,节律规则,没有相关的 P 波。心室颤动是紊乱、不规则的波形,无法辨认 P 波、QRS 波群或 T 波,也没有可计数的频率。心脏停搏是几乎平直的线,没有心室活动;平直线一定要通过检查患者、导联和增益并换一个导联来确认。在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律,心脏停搏则不是。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 10 个小格,1500 ÷ 10 ≈ 150 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 0.40 s。
3. P 波:无法辨认。
4. PR 间期:无法测量。
5. QRS:0.14 s,增宽(0.12 s 或以上)。
解读
室性心动过速
答案
室性心动过速
在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律。这里只是识别练习。
13.优先排序与委派
答案: C · Two hours after a colonoscopy: rigid abdomen and severe new pain
为什么是这个答案
A rigid abdomen with severe pain after colonoscopy suggests bowel perforation and peritonitis, a surgical emergency. The other patients have stable, chronic or routine needs.
答案
C · Two hours after a colonoscopy: rigid abdomen and severe new pain
14.优先排序与委派
答案: C · Breathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
为什么是这个答案
Guillain-Barré syndrome causes ascending weakness that can involve the respiratory muscles. Falling vital capacity or a weak cough can mean the patient needs ventilation, so breathing is monitored closely.
答案
C · Breathing strength, such as vital capacity and the ability to cough
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: C · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
为什么是这个答案
A positive skin test with no symptoms and a normal chest x-ray suggests latent TB infection. The person cannot spread TB but should be evaluated for treatment to prevent active disease later.
答案
C · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: D · Lead poisoning from old paint dust or chips
为什么是这个答案
Lead-based paint in older housing is the main source of lead exposure in young children, who put dust and chips in their mouths. Lead can cause anemia, behavior changes and developmental problems, and a blood lead level confirms it.
Hemochromatosis is an inherited disorder of increased iron absorption. Iron is deposited in the liver, pancreas, joints, heart and skin. A high transferrin saturation with a high ferritin suggests the diagnosis, and treatment is regular venesection (phlebotomy).核对依据:Hemochromatosis · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Ferritin Blood Test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)