At what angle is an intramuscular injection given?
A30 degrees
B45 degrees
C90 degrees
D15 degrees
2.护理学基础困难
While counting an apical pulse, the nurse finds the rhythm is irregularly irregular and the radial rate is lower than the apical rate. Which rhythm is most likely?
AAtrial fibrillation
BSinus tachycardia
CSinus bradycardia
DNormal sinus rhythm
3.临床护理中等
Which group of features is typical of nephrotic syndrome?
APolyuria, thirst and weight loss
BSevere loin pain and fever
CHeavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
DBlood in the urine, high blood pressure and reduced urine output only
4.临床护理困难
A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose six hours ago and says they feel well. Why is treatment still urgent?
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1窦性心动过速
2心房扑动,2:1 传导
3窦性心动过缓
4室上性心动过速(SVT)
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
这条 II 导联心电图显示心房与心室之间存在传导问题。这是什么节律?点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1二度 I 型房室传导阻滞(文氏现象)
2二度 II 型房室传导阻滞
3心房颤动
4一度房室传导阻滞
13.优先排序与委派中等
Two nursing assistants argue loudly at the station about their assignments. What is the charge nurse’s best first step?
AChange both of their assignments without any discussion
BMeet both of them privately to hear each side
CReport them to human resources at once
DIgnore it and hope they sort it out
14.优先排序与委派困难
On a cardiac step-down unit, which patient should the nurse assess first?
ADay 2 after a pacemaker insertion, asking when the wound dressing will be changed
BHeart failure, weight up 0.5 kg since yesterday, no breathlessness at rest
CAtrial fibrillation on warfarin with an INR of 2.6 this morning
DSix hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
An order reads “Give potassium chloride by IV push.” What should the nurse do?
AGive it slowly by IV push over two minutes while watching the cardiac monitor
BNot give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push
CGive half by IV push and the rest later
DDilute it in a small syringe and push it
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A patient’s white cell differential shows a raised eosinophil count. Which cause is most consistent with this finding?
AAn allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
BAn acute bacterial infection
CBone marrow suppression from chemotherapy
DA viral infection such as a cold
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
The heparin infusion rate was changed according to protocol. When is the aPTT usually rechecked?
AAbout 3 days after the change
BAbout 6 hours after the change
CAbout 30 minutes after the change
DOnly after the infusion is stopped
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
一名钙为 6.8 mg/dL(1.7 mmol/L)的患者突然出现呼吸嘈杂和声音嘶哑。这提示什么?
A对血液检查结果的焦虑,需要平静的安慰
B无需治疗就会消退的正常反应
C喉痉挛,属于需要紧急救助和静脉补钙的急症
D今天早晨开始的普通感冒
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · 90 degrees
为什么是这个答案
Intramuscular injections are given at 90 degrees so the needle passes through the skin and fat into the muscle. Intradermal injections use about 10–15 degrees.
答案
C · 90 degrees
2.护理学基础
答案: A · Atrial fibrillation
为什么是这个答案
Atrial fibrillation gives an irregularly irregular pulse, and some beats are too weak to be felt at the wrist, causing a pulse deficit. It should be reported and confirmed with an ECG.
答案
A · Atrial fibrillation
3.临床护理
答案: C · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
为什么是这个答案
In nephrotic syndrome, damaged glomeruli leak protein, so albumin falls and fluid moves into tissues, causing oedema. Cholesterol is often raised too.
答案
C · Heavy proteinuria, low serum albumin and oedema
4.临床护理
答案: C · Liver damage develops later, and the antidote works best when given early
为什么是这个答案
Paracetamol overdose may cause few early symptoms, but liver failure can develop over days. Acetylcysteine is most effective when started early, guided by timed paracetamol levels.
答案
C · Liver damage develops later, and the antidote works best when given early
节律标准(II 导联):窦性心律每个 QRS 之前都有直立的 P 波,PR 恒定为 0.12–0.20 s,QRS 狭窄:60–100 次/分为正常窦性心律,低于 60 为窦性心动过缓,高于 100 为窦性心动过速。心房颤动:无 P 波,基线呈颤动,R–R 绝对不规则。心房扑动:约 250–350 次/分的锯齿状扑动波,伴固定的传导比例,如 2:1 或 4:1。一度房室传导阻滞:窦性心律,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。交界性心律:窄 QRS,40–60 次/分,P 波缺失或倒置(PR 低于 0.12 s,或 P 波在 QRS 之后)。室性早搏(PVC)是提前出现的宽大(0.12 s 或以上)、形态怪异的 QRS,没有 P 波,T 波方向相反,通常有完全性代偿间歇;二联律是指每隔一个搏动就有一个室性早搏。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 12 个小格,1500 ÷ 12 ≈ 125 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 0.48 s。
3. P 波:直立,每个 QRS 之前各有一个,形态一致。
4. PR 间期:0.14 s,恒定,在 0.12–0.20 s 范围内。
5. QRS:0.08 s,狭窄(低于 0.12 s)。
解读
窦性心动过速
答案
窦性心动过速
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 二度 I 型房室传导阻滞(文氏现象)
房室传导阻滞:逐个标出 P 波,检查哪些 P 波后面跟着 QRS。一度:每个 P 波都下传,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。二度 I 型(Mobitz I,文氏现象):PR 逐搏延长,直到一个 P 波未下传,然后周期重新开始(成组搏动)。二度 II 型(Mobitz II):下传搏动的 PR 保持恒定,P 波突然不下传;QRS 常增宽。三度(完全性)阻滞:P 波和 QRS 波群各自规则但互相独立,PR 随机变化,心房率快于逸搏率(交界性逸搏 40–60 次/分,QRS 窄;室性逸搏 20–40 次/分,QRS 宽)。2:1 阻滞仅凭一份条带无法判断是 I 型还是 II 型。
五个步骤
1. 心率:6 秒内有 4 个 QRS 波群,× 10 = 40 次/分。
2. 节律:规律性不规则,QRS 波群成组出现,组间有暂停(成组搏动)。
3. P 波:直立且规则(P–P 0.92 s,65 次/分);每 3 个 P 波中有一个后面没有 QRS。
4. PR 间期:逐渐延长 0.16 → 0.28 s,随后一个 P 波未下传。
5. QRS:0.08 s,狭窄(低于 0.12 s)。
解读
二度 I 型房室传导阻滞(文氏现象)
答案
二度 I 型房室传导阻滞(文氏现象)
13.优先排序与委派
答案: B · Meet both of them privately to hear each side
为什么是这个答案
Talking with both staff members privately allows the charge nurse to understand the problem and look for a fair solution. Ignoring the conflict or acting without facts usually makes it worse.
答案
B · Meet both of them privately to hear each side
14.优先排序与委派
答案: D · Six hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor
为什么是这个答案
New chest pain with ST elevation after a stent suggests the stent may have blocked, causing an acute myocardial infarction. This is an emergency; the other findings are within target or routine.
答案
D · Six hours after a coronary stent, new chest pain with ST elevation on the monitor
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · Not give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push
为什么是这个答案
Potassium chloride given by IV push can cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias and arrest. It is only given diluted by controlled infusion, so the nurse does not give it and contacts the prescriber.
答案
B · Not give it, and contact the prescriber, because it is never given by IV push
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
为什么是这个答案
Eosinophils rise in allergic conditions such as asthma and drug reactions and in parasitic infections. Acute bacterial infection mainly raises neutrophils, and viral infection often raises lymphocytes.
答案
A · An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · About 6 hours after the change
为什么是这个答案
Most weight-based heparin protocols check the aPTT (or anti-Xa level) about 6 hours after starting or changing the rate, because it takes this long to reach a new steady state. Checking too early can lead to wrong adjustments.