II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
QTc = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1窦性心动过缓
2心脏停搏
3交界性心律
4心室颤动
13.优先排序与委派中等
An Rh-negative mother has just given birth to an Rh-positive baby. What does the nurse expect to give the mother?
ARh immunoglobulin within 72 hours
BA dose of the hepatitis B vaccine instead
CNo treatment is needed
DVitamin K to the mother
14.优先排序与委派困难
An adult has burns over 40% of the body with no signs of airway injury. Which treatment is the priority during the first hours?
AApplying antibiotic cream to all the burns before anything else
BLarge-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output
CGiving a high-protein meal to support healing
DStarting physiotherapy to prevent contractures straight away
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
An alcohol-based skin prep has been used before surgery with electrosurgery. What must happen before the drapes are placed?
AThe prep must be wiped off with saline
BThe prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
CThe prep must be covered with the drapes while it is still wet
DThe prep must be warmed with a hair dryer
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
给一名有窒息风险的清醒患者口服药物。哪种做法最安全?
A不检查是否允许就把所有药片碾碎
B让患者仰卧平躺,使吞咽更容易
C让患者坐直,一次给一片药
D为节省时间一次给完所有药片
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?
AA fall in serum calcium
BA rise in serum potassium
CA rise in serum uric acid
DA fall in blood glucose
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient's total calcium is 7.6 mg/dL and the albumin is 2.0 g/dL. Using the common correction (add 0.8 mg/dL for each 1 g/dL that albumin is below 4.0), what is the corrected calcium?
A11.6 mg/dL, above the normal range
B6.0 mg/dL, well below the normal range
C7.6 mg/dL, below the normal range
D9.2 mg/dL, within the normal range
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: B · A patient who is short of breath after walking to the toilet
为什么是这个答案
Physiological needs such as breathing come first. Psychological and social needs matter too but are addressed after basic survival needs are met.
答案
B · A patient who is short of breath after walking to the toilet
2.护理学基础
答案: A · Occupational therapy for a home assessment
为什么是这个答案
Occupational therapists assess how people manage daily activities and the home, and can arrange equipment such as perching stools and raised toilet seats.
答案
A · Occupational therapy for a home assessment
3.临床护理
答案: D · Stopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
为什么是这个答案
Dual antiplatelet therapy prevents stent thrombosis while the stent becomes covered by the artery lining. Stopping early can cause a sudden myocardial infarction.
答案
D · Stopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
QT 与 QTc:QT 间期从 QRS 波群起点到 T 波终点。它随心率加快而缩短,因此要用以秒为单位的 R–R 间期按心率校正:Bazett QTc = QT/√RR,Fridericia QTc = QT/∛RR。多数教科书使用 Bazett 公式;它在心率快时校正过度,此时宜用 Fridericia。各参考标准的界限不同:QTc 男性高于约 0.45 s、女性高于约 0.46 s 通常称为延长,高于 0.50 s 称为明显延长。
测量
QT = 9.5 × 0.04 = 0.38 s
RR = 20 × 0.04 = 0.80 s
Bazett 公式
QTc = 0.38/√0.80 = 0.38/0.8944 = 0.425 s
答案
QTc = 0.425 s
在通常上限之内(男性约 0.45 s,女性约 0.46 s)。(425 ms)
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 心脏停搏
室性节律:室性心动过速是连续三个或以上宽大(0.12 s 或以上)的波群,频率超过 100 次/分,通常为 150–250 次/分,节律规则,没有相关的 P 波。心室颤动是紊乱、不规则的波形,无法辨认 P 波、QRS 波群或 T 波,也没有可计数的频率。心脏停搏是几乎平直的线,没有心室活动;平直线一定要通过检查患者、导联和增益并换一个导联来确认。在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律,心脏停搏则不是。
Rh immunoglobulin given within 72 hours of birth prevents the mother from forming anti-D antibodies, which could harm a future Rh-positive baby.
答案
A · Rh immunoglobulin within 72 hours
14.优先排序与委派
答案: B · Large-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output
为什么是这个答案
Once the airway is secure, the early priority in major burns is fluid resuscitation to prevent burn shock. Urine output is a key guide to whether enough fluid is being given.
答案
B · Large-volume IV fluids with close monitoring of urine output
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · The prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
为什么是这个答案
Wet alcohol prep and its vapors under drapes can be ignited by electrosurgery or lasers. The prep is allowed to dry fully, and pooling in skin folds or linen is prevented.
答案
B · The prep must be fully dry and any pooled liquid removed
Thiazides reduce uric acid excretion and can trigger gout. They also tend to lower potassium, sodium and magnesium, raise calcium (by reducing its excretion) and raise blood glucose and lipids.核对依据:Hydrochlorothiazide · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答案
C · A rise in serum uric acid
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · 9.2 mg/dL, within the normal range
为什么是这个答案
Corrected calcium = 7.6 + 0.8 × (4.0 − 2.0) = 9.2 mg/dL, which is normal. Low albumin lowers the bound fraction of calcium; the correction is only an estimate, and an ionized calcium is more accurate when it matters.核对依据:Calcium blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)