Why should a patient wash and dry their hands before a fingerprick glucose test?
AWet hands give a falsely high reading
BClean hands make the finger bleed more slowly
CIt is only needed if the hands look dirty
DSugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
2.护理学基础困难
While counting an apical pulse, the nurse finds the rhythm is irregularly irregular and the radial rate is lower than the apical rate. Which rhythm is most likely?
ASinus tachycardia
BNormal sinus rhythm
CAtrial fibrillation
DSinus bradycardia
3.临床护理中等
Which side effect is associated with SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?
AHair loss
BGenital fungal infections
CSevere weight gain and fluid retention
DBradycardia
4.临床护理困难
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure about self-care. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I only need to weigh myself once a month."
B"I will weigh myself each morning after passing urine."
C"I will report it if I need more pillows to sleep."
这条 II 导联心电图条带显示窦性心律伴一次停顿。测量 停顿,即跨越停顿的 R–R 间期,单位为秒。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
停顿 = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1室性心动过速
2心室颤动
3心脏停搏
4尖端扭转型室性心动过速
13.优先排序与委派中等
Which practice makes a shift handover safest?
AA structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions
BLeaving a sticky note on the computer screen for the next nurse
CA quick chat in the corridor with no notes taken
DHanding over only the patients who had problems during the shift
14.优先排序与委派困难
在持续管饲过程中,一名患者突然开始咳嗽、呼吸急促,SpO₂ 下降。护士的首要行动是什么?
A用 50 mL 水冲洗管道,然后照常继续管饲
B加快管饲速度使其更早完成
C让患者平躺休息
D停止管饲,让患者坐直并评估呼吸
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
Which drugs are used as antidotes for nerve agent poisoning?
ANaloxone and flumazenil
BVitamin K and protamine
CAtropine and pralidoxime
DAcetylcysteine and charcoal
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A nurse teaches an older adult about preventing falls at home. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I keep small rugs in the hall so my feet stay warm.”
B“I wear shoes with non-slip soles around the house.”
C“I use night lights between my bedroom and the bathroom.”
D“I had grab bars put in next to the toilet.”
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A patient's eGFR has fallen to 24 mL/min/1.73 m². Which prescribed drug should the nurse question before giving it?
ALevothyroxine
BMetformin
CInsulin glargine
DAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
一名血小板计数为 35 × 10³/µL 的患者被开具肌内注射。护士应怎么做?
A注射后热敷
B用更长的针头注射
C询问开医嘱者是否可以改用其他途径
D按处方注射,并用力按摩注射部位
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: D · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
为什么是这个答案
Traces of food or drink on the finger can raise the reading. Washing with water and drying fully gives an accurate result; alcohol wipes can also affect some meters.
答案
D · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
2.护理学基础
答案: C · Atrial fibrillation
为什么是这个答案
Atrial fibrillation gives an irregularly irregular pulse, and some beats are too weak to be felt at the wrist, causing a pulse deficit. It should be reported and confirmed with an ECG.
答案
C · Atrial fibrillation
3.临床护理
答案: B · Genital fungal infections
为什么是这个答案
SGLT2 inhibitors cause glycosuria, which increases the risk of genital thrush and urinary infections. They can also rarely cause DKA with only modestly raised glucose.
答案
B · Genital fungal infections
4.临床护理
答案: A · "I only need to weigh myself once a month."
为什么是这个答案
Daily weights at the same time with the same scales detect fluid retention early. A rapid gain, worsening breathlessness or needing more pillows should be reported.
窄 QRS 心动过速与停顿:室上性心动过速(SVT)是规则的心动过速,约 150–250 次/分钟,QRS 波群较窄;P 波通常看不到,因为它们隐藏在 QRS 波群或 T 波中。成人静息时的窦性心动过速通常低于约 150 次/分钟,且每个 QRS 前都有可见的 P 波;伴 2:1 传导的心房扑动常在约 150 次/分钟,并显示锯齿波。窦性停搏是指窦房结暂时停止发放冲动:出现既无 P 波也无 QRS 的停顿,其长度不是 P–P 周期的整数倍(恰好两个或三个周期的停顿则提示窦房传导阻滞)。
测量
跨越停顿,从 R 波到 R 波共 51 个小格
转换
停顿 = 51 × 0.04 s = 2.04 s
与 P–P 比较
2.04 ÷ 0.88 ≈ 2.3 个 P–P 周期,不是整数
答案
停顿 = 2.04 s
停顿中没有出现 P 波,且停顿不是 P–P 周期的整数倍:窦性停搏。恰好两个或三个周期的停顿则提示窦房传导阻滞。
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 心室颤动
室性节律:室性心动过速是连续三个或以上宽大(0.12 s 或以上)的波群,频率超过 100 次/分,通常为 150–250 次/分,节律规则,没有相关的 P 波。心室颤动是紊乱、不规则的波形,无法辨认 P 波、QRS 波群或 T 波,也没有可计数的频率。心脏停搏是几乎平直的线,没有心室活动;平直线一定要通过检查患者、导联和增益并换一个导联来确认。在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律,心脏停搏则不是。
五个步骤
1. 心率:没有可计数的心室率。
2. 节律:紊乱,没有重复的规律。
3. P 波:无法辨认。
4. PR 间期:无法测量。
5. QRS:没有 QRS 波群。
解读
心室颤动
答案
心室颤动
在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律。这里只是识别练习。
13.优先排序与委派
答案: A · A structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions
为什么是这个答案
Handover is a high-risk moment for errors. A structured format and the chance to ask questions help the next nurse understand each patient’s condition and priorities.
答案
A · A structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions
Nerve agents inhibit acetylcholinesterase, causing excess acetylcholine. Atropine blocks muscarinic effects such as secretions and bradycardia, and pralidoxime helps to reactivate the enzyme.
答案
C · Atropine and pralidoxime
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · “I keep small rugs in the hall so my feet stay warm.”
为什么是这个答案
Loose rugs are a common cause of trips and falls and should be removed or secured. Night lights, grab bars and non-slip footwear all reduce fall risk.
答案
A · “I keep small rugs in the hall so my feet stay warm.”
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · Metformin
为什么是这个答案
Metformin is cleared by the kidneys, and it is contraindicated when the eGFR is below 30 mL/min/1.73 m² because of the risk of lactic acidosis. Insulin doses may also need adjustment, but insulin is not contraindicated.