II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1心房颤动
2交界性心律
3正常窦性心律
4一度房室传导阻滞
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
依次按五个步骤解读这条 II 导联心电图:心率、节律、P 波、PR 间期、QRS 时限。你在哪一步发现第一个异常?点击它。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1折旧率
2节律
3P 波
4PR 间期
5QRS 时限
13.优先排序与委派中等
A nurse cannot read part of a medication order. What should the nurse do?
ASkip the drug and not tell anyone until the next ward round
BAsk another nurse to guess what the order most likely says, then give it
CGive the usual dose of the drug the nurse thinks was meant
DContact the prescriber to clarify the order before giving the drug
14.优先排序与委派困难
在急诊科,哪位患者应直接进入治疗室?
A一名 45 岁患者,要求续开处方
B一名 60 岁患者,胸部压迫感、出汗和恶心已 20 分钟
C一名 30 岁患者,咽痛两天,体温 38.0 °C
D一名 25 岁患者,手腕扭伤,生命体征正常
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
What is the main aim of purposeful hourly rounding?
ATo count the patient’s medications every hour and check that none are missing
BTo replace the need for a call light
CTo check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
DTo wake the patient every hour to check orientation
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A nurse discovers that an insulin infusion was programmed using the wrong drug concentration in the pump library. What should the nurse do first?
AReprogram the pump and finish the shift before reporting
BStop the infusion and check the patient’s blood glucose
CDouble the rate to correct for the error
DLeave it running and check the glucose at the next routine time
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
一名已呕吐两天的患者 BUN 为 32 mg/dL(尿素 11.4 mmol/L),肌酐正常。最可能的原因是什么?
A低蛋白饮食
B水过多
C肝衰竭
D脱水
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
哪种结果模式符合 SIADH?
A血清钠低、血清渗透压高、尿液稀
B钠正常,尿液非常稀
C血清钠低、血清渗透压低、尿液浓缩
D血清钠高、血清渗透压高、尿液非常稀
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: D · Check responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
为什么是这个答案
The nurse first calls for help and assesses the patient, including for head and hip injury. The patient is moved only when safe, using proper equipment, and the doctor is informed.
答案
D · Check responsiveness and look for injuries before moving them
2.护理学基础
答案: C · A drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
为什么是这个答案
If the patient becomes too sleepy they cannot press the button, so no more opioid is given. When others press it this safety is lost and respiratory depression can follow.
答案
C · A drowsy patient stops pressing, which helps prevent overdose
3.临床护理
答案: D · Peritonitis
为什么是这个答案
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain or fever suggests peritonitis, the main serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The fluid is sent for culture and treatment started promptly.
答案
D · Peritonitis
4.临床护理
答案: D · Respiratory failure from a myasthenic crisis
为什么是这个答案
In a myasthenic crisis, weakness of respiratory and bulbar muscles can cause aspiration and respiratory failure. Breathing function is monitored closely and ventilation may be needed.
答案: C · To check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
为什么是这个答案
Regular, planned rounding that addresses pain, toileting, positioning and possessions within reach reduces falls and call-light use. The call light stays within reach as well.
答案
C · To check pain, toileting, position and personal items before the patient needs to ask
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · Stop the infusion and check the patient’s blood glucose
为什么是这个答案
A concentration error means the dose delivered was wrong. The nurse stops the infusion, assesses the patient including blood glucose, treats as needed, notifies the prescriber and reports the event.
答案
B · Stop the infusion and check the patient’s blood glucose
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · 脱水
为什么是这个答案
当身体缺水时,肾脏重吸收更多尿素,因此 BUN 的升高与肌酐不成比例(BUN 与肌酐之比高于 20:1)。肝衰竭和低蛋白饮食会使 BUN 降低。核对依据:BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)