II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
QTc = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
这位患者装有起搏器。请解读这条 II 导联心电图条带。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1三度(完全性)房室传导阻滞
2双腔(房室)起搏心律
3起搏心律,夺获失败
4室性自搏心律
13.优先排序与委派中等
Which telephone call should a clinic nurse return first?
AA parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
BAn adult who wants to move a routine blood test appointment
CA parent of a 5-year-old with a runny nose for two days
DAn adult asking for a repeat prescription for a statin
14.优先排序与委派困难
护士应首先处理护理助理的哪项报告?
A一名糖尿病患者说他们的脚经常感到刺麻,一向如此
B一名肺炎患者咳出了黄色痰液
C一名卧床休息的患者要求使用便盆
D今天上午腰椎融合术后,双腿没有感觉也不能活动
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
A nurse who never had BCG vaccine has a positive tuberculin skin test for the first time. The chest x-ray is clear and there are no symptoms. What does this most likely mean?
AA failed test that must be repeated next year
BLatent TB infection, which is not contagious
CActive TB, which needs airborne isolation
DImmunity to TB from a past exposure
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A nurse teaches parents of a toddler about drowning prevention. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A“I empty buckets of water as soon as I have used them.”
B“I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
C“We keep the gate in the pool fence closed and locked at all times.”
D“I stay within arm’s reach of my child whenever we are near any water.”
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A patient with chronic kidney disease has a potassium of 5.6 mEq/L. Which food should the nurse advise the patient to limit?
Blood cultures taken before antibiotics are more likely to grow the organism, which allows targeted treatment later. Antibiotics should still be given promptly and must not be delayed.
答案
D · Blood cultures
4.临床护理
答案: C · "Please review him within the next 15 minutes."
为什么是这个答案
In SBAR, R is the recommendation or request, such as a review within a time frame. The other statements belong to Assessment, Background and Situation.
答案
C · "Please review him within the next 15 minutes."
QT 与 QTc:QT 间期从 QRS 波群起点到 T 波终点。它随心率加快而缩短,因此要用以秒为单位的 R–R 间期按心率校正:Bazett QTc = QT/√RR,Fridericia QTc = QT/∛RR。多数教科书使用 Bazett 公式;它在心率快时校正过度,此时宜用 Fridericia。各参考标准的界限不同:QTc 男性高于约 0.45 s、女性高于约 0.46 s 通常称为延长,高于 0.50 s 称为明显延长。
测量
QT = 10.5 × 0.04 = 0.42 s
RR = 18 × 0.04 = 0.72 s
Fridericia 公式
QTc = 0.42/∛0.72 = 0.42/0.8963 = 0.469 s
答案
QTc = 0.469 s
超过男性(约 0.45 s)和女性(约 0.46 s)的通常上限:延长。(469 ms)
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 起搏心律,夺获失败
起搏心律:起搏器脉冲表现为一条细而垂直的起搏钉样信号。心室钉样信号之后的 QRS 是增宽的(0.12 s 或以上),因为冲动是从导线经心肌传播,而不是经传导系统;右心室起搏时,在 II 导联上通常以负向为主。P 波之前的钉样信号表示心房起搏;双腔(房室)起搏器则表现为心房钉样信号加 P 波,再经过程控的房室延迟,出现心室钉样信号和增宽的 QRS。夺获是指每个钉样信号之后都跟着一次除极。夺获失败是指钉样信号之后没有 P 波或 QRS;感知不良(钉样信号无视患者自己的心搏)和起搏不良(该出现钉样信号时没有)是另外两种典型的故障。
答案: A · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
为什么是这个答案
A fever in an infant under about 3 months old needs urgent assessment, because serious bacterial infection is more likely and signs can be subtle. The other calls are routine.
答案
A · A parent of a 6-week-old with a temperature of 38.3 °C
答案: B · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
为什么是这个答案
A positive skin test with no symptoms and a normal chest x-ray suggests latent TB infection. The person cannot spread TB but should be evaluated for treatment to prevent active disease later.
答案
B · Latent TB infection, which is not contagious
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · “I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
为什么是这个答案
A toddler should never be left alone in the bath, even for a moment and even in shallow water. Fencing pools, constant close supervision and emptying containers are correct.
答案
B · “I can leave my 2-year-old in the bath for a minute if the water is shallow.”
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · Bananas
为什么是这个答案
Bananas, oranges, potatoes, tomatoes, dried fruit and beans are high in potassium. Apples, white rice and cabbage are lower-potassium choices that are commonly allowed on a potassium-restricted diet.核对依据:Potassium in diet · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026); Chronic kidney disease · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)