答案: A · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
为什么是这个答案
Medicines reconciliation compares the patient's own medicines with what is prescribed in hospital, using several sources, so that changes are intended and errors are avoided.
答案
A · Getting an accurate list of the medicines taken before admission
2.护理学基础
答案: C · It interacts with many medicines and can reduce their effect
为什么是这个答案
St John's wort induces liver enzymes and can lower levels of drugs such as warfarin and the contraceptive pill. All herbal and over-the-counter products are recorded and reviewed.
答案
C · It interacts with many medicines and can reduce their effect
节律标准(II 导联):窦性心律每个 QRS 之前都有直立的 P 波,PR 恒定为 0.12–0.20 s,QRS 狭窄:60–100 次/分为正常窦性心律,低于 60 为窦性心动过缓,高于 100 为窦性心动过速。心房颤动:无 P 波,基线呈颤动,R–R 绝对不规则。心房扑动:约 250–350 次/分的锯齿状扑动波,伴固定的传导比例,如 2:1 或 4:1。一度房室传导阻滞:窦性心律,PR 恒定且大于 0.20 s。交界性心律:窄 QRS,40–60 次/分,P 波缺失或倒置(PR 低于 0.12 s,或 P 波在 QRS 之后)。室性早搏(PVC)是提前出现的宽大(0.12 s 或以上)、形态怪异的 QRS,没有 P 波,T 波方向相反,通常有完全性代偿间歇;二联律是指每隔一个搏动就有一个室性早搏。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 25 个小格,1500 ÷ 25 ≈ 60 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 1.00 s。
3. P 波:直立,每个 QRS 之前各有一个,形态一致。
4. PR 间期:0.28 s,恒定,长于 0.20 s。
5. QRS:0.06 s,狭窄(低于 0.12 s)。
解读
一度房室传导阻滞
答案
一度房室传导阻滞
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 心脏停搏
室性节律:室性心动过速是连续三个或以上宽大(0.12 s 或以上)的波群,频率超过 100 次/分,通常为 150–250 次/分,节律规则,没有相关的 P 波。心室颤动是紊乱、不规则的波形,无法辨认 P 波、QRS 波群或 T 波,也没有可计数的频率。心脏停搏是几乎平直的线,没有心室活动;平直线一定要通过检查患者、导联和增益并换一个导联来确认。在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律,心脏停搏则不是。
答案: A · Remove the nurse from patient care and report it according to policy
为什么是这个答案
A nurse who appears impaired must not care for patients. The charge nurse removes them from duty and follows policy for reporting; support, such as an assistance program, can follow.
答案
A · Remove the nurse from patient care and report it according to policy
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · Steroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
为什么是这个答案
Corticosteroids reduce white cell activity and inflammation, so infections develop more easily and may cause less fever or redness. Nurses watch closely for subtle signs.
答案
B · Steroids suppress the immune response and can hide signs of infection
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · Hold the drug and contact the prescriber
为什么是这个答案
Amoxicillin is a penicillin, so it could cause a serious allergic reaction. The nurse holds the drug, clarifies the allergy and contacts the prescriber for a safe alternative.
答案
B · Hold the drug and contact the prescriber
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · A common stress response to surgery that is monitored
为什么是这个答案
A mild leukocytosis is common after surgery because of tissue injury and the stress response. It is monitored along with temperature and wound assessment. A rising count after several days, or fever, suggests infection.
答案
A · A common stress response to surgery that is monitored