A stable patient is woken every hour for observations and is becoming tired and confused. What is the best nursing action?
AAsk the doctor for a sedative to help the patient sleep
BAsk the team whether the observations can safely be done less often
CKeep the same plan, as observations matter more than sleep for patients
DStop all observations so the patient can sleep
3.临床护理中等
Why are older adults at higher risk of dehydration?
AThey always drink large amounts of tea
BTheir sense of thirst is often reduced
CTheir body water content increases with age
DTheir kidneys hold on to too much water
4.临床护理困难
A patient two days after abdominal surgery coughs and says something "gave way". The wound has opened and bowel is visible. What should the nurse do first?
AApply dry gauze tightly and ask the patient to keep coughing
BCover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
CGently push the bowel back into the abdomen and tape the wound edges firmly closed
DSit the patient fully upright and offer a hot drink
答案: B · Ask the team whether the observations can safely be done less often
为什么是这个答案
Lack of sleep can contribute to delirium. If the patient's scores are stable, the frequency of observations can be reviewed by the team so care is safe but less disruptive.
答案
B · Ask the team whether the observations can safely be done less often
3.临床护理
答案: B · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
为什么是这个答案
With age, thirst is blunted, kidney concentrating ability falls and total body water decreases. Cognitive or physical problems can also make it harder to drink.
答案
B · Their sense of thirst is often reduced
4.临床护理
答案: B · Cover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
为什么是这个答案
Evisceration is a surgical emergency. The exposed bowel is covered with sterile moist dressings, the patient is positioned to reduce tension on the abdomen (for example knees bent), kept nil by mouth and reviewed urgently.
答案
B · Cover the wound with sterile, saline-moistened dressings and get urgent surgical help
答案: B · Peritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
为什么是这个答案
Cloudy effluent with abdominal pain is a classic sign of peritonitis, a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis. The nurse reports it and sends a sample as prescribed so antibiotics can start.
答案
B · Peritonitis, which needs prompt reporting and a fluid sample
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: C · Using a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
为什么是这个答案
Many errors happen at transitions of care. A structured handoff with an opportunity to ask questions, ideally at the bedside, reduces missed information.
答案
C · Using a standard format such as SBAR or I-PASS, with time for questions
Desmopressin acts like ADH, so the kidneys retain water. If the patient drinks too much, water retention can cause hyponatremia, which may lead to confusion and seizures. Sodium, weight and fluid balance are monitored.
答案
A · Serum sodium, which may fall too low
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · Low magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium
为什么是这个答案
Poor diet, vomiting, diarrhea and alcohol's effect on the kidneys commonly cause low magnesium, phosphate and potassium. These worsen arrhythmia and seizure risk, so they are checked and replaced, together with thiamine.
答案
A · Low magnesium, low phosphate and low potassium