In the PQRST pain assessment, what does "Q" ask about?
AThe quantity of analgesia the patient has already taken today
BWhether the pain is quieter at night
CThe quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
DHow quickly the pain started
2.护理学基础困难
Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (England and Wales), a patient with capacity makes a decision staff think is unwise. What follows?
AStaff may override any decision they think is unwise
BThe family must be asked to make the decision instead
CAn unwise decision on its own proves that the person lacks capacity
DAn unwise decision alone does not mean the person lacks capacity
3.临床护理中等
一名肝硬化患者出现意识混乱、嗜睡,双手有扑翼样震颤。可能发生了哪种并发症?
A单纯酒精中毒
B肝性脑病
C胰岛素引起的低血糖
D卒中
4.临床护理困难
A conscious patient with hypoglycaemia was given fast-acting carbohydrate. On re-check 15 minutes later the blood glucose is 3.6 mmol/L (65 mg/dL). What should the nurse do next?
AGive a dose of subcutaneous insulin
BTake no action because the level is rising
CGive a long-acting carbohydrate snack only and recheck tomorrow
DGive another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1心房扑动,2:1 传导
2心房颤动
3窦性心律伴室性早搏
4窦性心律不齐
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1室性自搏心律
2室上性心动过速(SVT)
3心室颤动
4尖端扭转型室性心动过速
13.优先排序与委派中等
值班护士长需要腾出一张床位。哪位患者最适合出院或转到较低级别的护理?
A两小时前因胸痛入院;肌钙蛋白结果尚未回报
B肺炎,氧需求在一夜之间从 2 L/min 升至 4 L/min
C无并发症阑尾切除术后第 3 天,能进食,使用口服镇痛药
D肠道手术后第 1 天,新出现体温 38.5 °C
14.优先排序与委派困难
A patient in labor is receiving oxytocin, and the fetal monitor shows repeated late decelerations. What should the nurse do first?
AIncrease the oxytocin rate
BStop the oxytocin infusion
CEncourage the patient to start pushing
DPlace the patient flat on her back
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
A patient on oxygen is being taken to another department by wheelchair. What should the nurse check first?
AThat the portable cylinder has enough oxygen for the whole trip
BThat the cylinder is the largest size available
CThat the cylinder is placed on the patient’s lap
DThat the oxygen is turned off during the transfer to save the supply in the tank
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
An 82-year-old patient is prescribed diphenhydramine at bedtime for sleep. Why should the nurse raise this with the prescriber?
AIt raises blood pressure in most older adults
BIt is only available as an IV drug and cannot be given by mouth at bedtime
CIt is too weak to help an older person sleep
DIt is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
一名意识清醒的患者血糖为 54 mg/dL(3.0 mmol/L),已摄入 15 g 速效碳水化合物。应在何时复测血糖?
A第二天早晨
B约 2 小时后
C下一餐时
D约 15 分钟后
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient's total calcium is 7.6 mg/dL and the albumin is 2.0 g/dL. Using the common correction (add 0.8 mg/dL for each 1 g/dL that albumin is below 4.0), what is the corrected calcium?
A6.0 mg/dL, well below the normal range
B9.2 mg/dL, within the normal range
C7.6 mg/dL, below the normal range
D11.6 mg/dL, above the normal range
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
为什么是这个答案
PQRST covers Provoking or palliating factors, Quality, Region and radiation, Severity and Timing. Describing the quality helps identify the cause of the pain.
答案
C · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
2.护理学基础
答案: D · An unwise decision alone does not mean the person lacks capacity
为什么是这个答案
One of the Act's principles is that a person is not treated as lacking capacity just because they make an unwise decision. Staff can explain risks, but the decision is the patient's.
答案
D · An unwise decision alone does not mean the person lacks capacity
3.临床护理
答案: B · 肝性脑病
为什么是这个答案
肝性脑病引起意识混乱和扑翼样震颤。常用乳果糖减少氨的吸收,并治疗感染或出血等诱因。
答案
B · 肝性脑病
4.临床护理
答案: D · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
为什么是这个答案
If blood glucose remains below the threshold (4 mmol/L in UK guidance, 70 mg/dL in US guidance), the fast-acting treatment is repeated. Once it is above the threshold, a longer-acting carbohydrate such as a sandwich or the next meal helps prevent recurrence.
答案
D · Give another dose of fast-acting carbohydrate and recheck
Late decelerations point to reduced blood flow through the placenta. Stopping oxytocin reduces contractions; the nurse then turns the patient onto her side, gives IV fluids as prescribed and informs the provider.
答案
B · Stop the oxytocin infusion
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · That the portable cylinder has enough oxygen for the whole trip
为什么是这个答案
The nurse checks the cylinder gauge and makes sure there is enough oxygen for the trip and possible delays. The cylinder is secured in a holder on the chair, not on the patient’s lap.
答案
A · That the portable cylinder has enough oxygen for the whole trip
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: D · It is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
为什么是这个答案
First-generation antihistamines such as diphenhydramine are on the Beers list because they cause confusion, constipation, urinary retention and falls in older adults. Safer approaches to sleep should be discussed.
答案
D · It is strongly anticholinergic and can cause confusion and falls in older adults
Corrected calcium = 7.6 + 0.8 × (4.0 − 2.0) = 9.2 mg/dL, which is normal. Low albumin lowers the bound fraction of calcium; the correction is only an estimate, and an ionized calcium is more accurate when it matters.核对依据:Calcium blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)