II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1正常窦性心律
2心房颤动
3窦性心律伴室性早搏
4室性二联律
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1尖端扭转型室性心动过速
2室性心动过速
3窦性心动过速
4心房扑动,2:1 传导
13.优先排序与委派中等
A patient with a valid do-not-resuscitate order (DNR; called DNACPR in the UK) stops breathing and has no pulse. What should the nurse do?
AStart CPR and stop when the family arrives
BCall the cardiac arrest team and let them decide
CFollow the DNR order and do not start CPR
DStart chest compressions but not rescue breaths
14.优先排序与委派困难
A day after a femur fracture, a young patient becomes confused and breathless, with small red spots on the chest. What should the nurse suspect?
AAn allergic reaction to the cast
BNormal pain after a fracture
CAlcohol withdrawal
DFat embolism syndrome
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
为什么口服液体药物要用口服或肠内注射器,而不是普通静脉注射器抽取?
A口服注射器无法接入静脉管路,可防止给药途径错误
B口服注射器能更准确地量取静脉剂量
C静脉注射器无法准确量取少量口服液体
D没有安全方面的原因;只是传统
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A nurse floated to an unfamiliar unit is asked to manage a device they have never been trained to use. What should the nurse do?
ALeave the device untouched and not tell anyone
BDo it anyway, using only the device manual and the instructions on the screen
CTell the charge nurse and ask for help or a change of assignment
DAsk the patient or the family to explain how the device works
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
For most hospitalized adults with diabetes who are critically ill, which glucose target range is commonly recommended?
AAbout 60–80 mg/dL (3.3–4.4 mmol/L)
BAbout 250–300 mg/dL (13.9–16.7 mmol/L)
CAbout 300–350 mg/dL (16.7–19.4 mmol/L)
DAbout 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A woman who is 34 weeks pregnant has high blood pressure, right upper abdominal pain, a platelet count of 70 × 10³/µL, raised ALT and AST, and a raised LDH. Which condition fits best?
AGestational diabetes
BPhysiologic anemia of pregnancy
CAcute cholecystitis
DHELLP syndrome
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
为什么是这个答案
Traces of food or drink on the finger can raise the reading. Washing with water and drying fully gives an accurate result; alcohol wipes can also affect some meters.
答案
C · Sugar on the skin can give a falsely high reading
2.护理学基础
答案: D · Stop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
为什么是这个答案
Suction removes oxygen and can stimulate the vagus nerve, causing hypoxia and bradycardia. The nurse stops, oxygenates and lets the patient recover before trying again.
答案
D · Stop suctioning and give oxygen until the patient recovers
3.临床护理
答案: D · Do not stop them suddenly
为什么是这个答案
Long-term steroids suppress the adrenal glands, so stopping suddenly can cause adrenal crisis. Patients should carry a steroid alert card or medical ID and follow sick-day guidance.
答案
D · Do not stop them suddenly
4.临床护理
答案: C · To rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
为什么是这个答案
Septic arthritis can destroy cartilage within days. Aspiration allows microscopy and culture, and helps distinguish infection from crystal arthritis such as gout.
答案
C · To rule out septic arthritis, which can rapidly destroy the joint
室性节律:室性心动过速是连续三个或以上宽大(0.12 s 或以上)的波群,频率超过 100 次/分,通常为 150–250 次/分,节律规则,没有相关的 P 波。心室颤动是紊乱、不规则的波形,无法辨认 P 波、QRS 波群或 T 波,也没有可计数的频率。心脏停搏是几乎平直的线,没有心室活动;平直线一定要通过检查患者、导联和增益并换一个导联来确认。在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律,心脏停搏则不是。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 10 个小格,1500 ÷ 10 ≈ 150 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 0.40 s。
3. P 波:无法辨认。
4. PR 间期:无法测量。
5. QRS:0.14 s,增宽(0.12 s 或以上)。
解读
室性心动过速
答案
室性心动过速
在复苏指南中,室颤和无脉性室速是可电击心律。这里只是识别练习。
13.优先排序与委派
答案: C · Follow the DNR order and do not start CPR
为什么是这个答案
A valid DNR order means CPR is not started. The nurse keeps the patient comfortable, informs the provider and supports the family.
答案
C · Follow the DNR order and do not start CPR
14.优先排序与委派
答案: D · Fat embolism syndrome
为什么是这个答案
Fat embolism syndrome usually appears 24–72 hours after a long bone fracture, with breathing problems, confusion and a petechial rash. It needs oxygen and urgent escalation.
答案: C · Tell the charge nurse and ask for help or a change of assignment
为什么是这个答案
Accepting a task beyond one’s competence puts the patient at risk. The nurse explains the limit to the charge nurse, who can arrange help, training or reassignment.
答案
C · Tell the charge nurse and ask for help or a change of assignment
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · About 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
为什么是这个答案
For most critically ill patients, insulin is used to keep glucose around 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L). Lower targets increase the risk of hypoglycemia, and persistently higher levels increase infection and other complications.
答案
D · About 140–180 mg/dL (7.8–10 mmol/L)
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · HELLP syndrome
为什么是这个答案
HELLP stands for Hemolysis (raised LDH, falling hemoglobin), Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets. It is a severe form of preeclampsia that can cause liver rupture and bleeding, and it usually requires delivery.核对依据:HELLP syndrome · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2024)