A man skips bowel cancer screening because he feels healthy and thinks cancer will not happen to him. Which Health Belief Model concept best explains this?
AHigh self-efficacy
BHigh perceived benefits
CLow perceived susceptibility
DStrong cues to action
3.临床护理中等
Compared with a colostomy, a patient with an ileostomy is at greater risk of:
ALow blood glucose after meals
BUrinary retention
CHard stools, straining and constipation from slow transit
DDehydration and electrolyte loss from liquid output
4.临床护理困难
Which feature best distinguishes delirium from dementia?
ADelirium only affects people under 50, while dementia affects older people
BDelirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
CDementia always causes visual hallucinations
DDelirium is permanent, while dementia is reversible
这条 II 导联心电图条带显示窦性心律伴一次停顿。测量 停顿,即跨越停顿的 R–R 间期,单位为秒。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
停顿 = s
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
这位患者装有起搏器。请解读这条 II 导联心电图条带。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1室性自搏心律
2双腔(房室)起搏心律
3二度 II 型房室传导阻滞
4起搏心律,夺获失败
13.优先排序与委派中等
在 START 分诊中,一名不能行走的成人每分钟呼吸 36 次。该伤员被归入哪一类?
A黄色(延迟)
B绿色(轻伤)
C黑色(期待观察)
D红色(立即)
14.优先排序与委派困难
A patient admitted with suspected appendicitis says the pain suddenly got better, but now the abdomen is rigid and the heart rate is rising. What does this suggest?
AThe pain has moved to a different, harmless place
BThe patient’s analgesic has finally started to work
CThe appendicitis is getting better without surgery
DThe appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
Why should a child’s weight be recorded only in kilograms?
AScales that show kilograms are always more accurate than those that show pounds
BMixing up pounds and kilograms can lead to large dosing errors
CChildren weigh less, so smaller units are needed
DKilograms are easier for parents to remember
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
A patient has signed a surgical consent form but tells the nurse, “I don’t really understand what they are going to do.” What should the nurse do?
AInform the surgeon so the procedure can be explained again before any sedation
BReassure the patient that the surgeon knows best and continue with the preparation
CExplain the risks and benefits in place of the surgeon
DGive the preoperative sedative so the patient relaxes
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
When several samples are drawn at the same venipuncture, which tubes or bottles are filled first?
AEDTA (complete blood count) tubes
BCoagulation (citrate) tubes
CFluoride (glucose) tubes
DBlood culture bottles
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient has macrocytic anemia with low vitamin B12 and antibodies to intrinsic factor. What does this suggest, and how is it usually treated?
APernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections
BIron deficiency, treated with oral iron tablets
CHemolytic anemia, treated with blood transfusion
DFolate deficiency, treated with folic acid only
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: D · 读数假性偏高
为什么是这个答案
袖带太小会高估血压,太大会低估血压。气囊应包绕上臂周长的约 80%。
答案
D · 读数假性偏高
2.护理学基础
答案: C · Low perceived susceptibility
为什么是这个答案
In the Health Belief Model, people act when they believe they are susceptible to a serious condition and that action will help. Low perceived susceptibility reduces the chance of screening.
答案
C · Low perceived susceptibility
3.临床护理
答案: D · Dehydration and electrolyte loss from liquid output
为什么是这个答案
Ileostomy output is liquid because it bypasses the colon, which normally absorbs water and salts. Patients must drink enough and watch for signs of dehydration, especially in hot weather or illness.
答案
D · Dehydration and electrolyte loss from liquid output
4.临床护理
答案: B · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
为什么是这个答案
Delirium develops over hours to days, with fluctuating attention and consciousness, and is often reversible when the cause is treated. Dementia is a gradual, progressive decline. Patients with dementia are at higher risk of delirium.
答案
B · Delirium starts suddenly and fluctuates, while dementia develops gradually
理想体重(Devine):男性 IBW = 50 kg + 身高超过 5 英尺(60 in)的每英寸加 2.3 kg,女性 IBW = 45.5 kg + 超过 60 in 的每英寸加 2.3 kg;1 in = 2.54 cm。该公式适用于身高至少 152.4 cm(5 ft)的成人。 危重症肥胖患者(ASPEN/SCCM 2016):BMI = 体重/身高²(kg/m²)。BMI 30–40 时蛋白质目标为每天每 kg 理想体重 2 g,BMI 40 及以上时最高为每天每 kg 理想体重 2.5 g。 这些数字仅供练习;在临床工作中务必遵循当地规程,高危剂量须经双人核对。
体质指数
BMI = 119/1.75² = 38.86 kg/m²
理想体重(Devine)
175 cm/2.54 = 68.9 in
IBW = 50 + 2.3·(68.9 − 60) = 70.46 kg
蛋白质目标
BMI 30 至不足 40:每 kg 理想体重 2 g。
P = 2·70.46 = 140.9 ≈ 141 g/天
答案
P = 141 g/天
11.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 停顿 = 1.8 s
窄 QRS 心动过速与停顿:室上性心动过速(SVT)是规则的心动过速,约 150–250 次/分钟,QRS 波群较窄;P 波通常看不到,因为它们隐藏在 QRS 波群或 T 波中。成人静息时的窦性心动过速通常低于约 150 次/分钟,且每个 QRS 前都有可见的 P 波;伴 2:1 传导的心房扑动常在约 150 次/分钟,并显示锯齿波。窦性停搏是指窦房结暂时停止发放冲动:出现既无 P 波也无 QRS 的停顿,其长度不是 P–P 周期的整数倍(恰好两个或三个周期的停顿则提示窦房传导阻滞)。
测量
跨越停顿,从 R 波到 R 波共 45 个小格
转换
停顿 = 45 × 0.04 s = 1.8 s
与 P–P 比较
1.80 ÷ 0.76 ≈ 2.4 个 P–P 周期,不是整数
答案
停顿 = 1.8 s
停顿中没有出现 P 波,且停顿不是 P–P 周期的整数倍:窦性停搏。恰好两个或三个周期的停顿则提示窦房传导阻滞。
12.心电图节律条带解读
答案: 起搏心律,夺获失败
起搏心律:起搏器脉冲表现为一条细而垂直的起搏钉样信号。心室钉样信号之后的 QRS 是增宽的(0.12 s 或以上),因为冲动是从导线经心肌传播,而不是经传导系统;右心室起搏时,在 II 导联上通常以负向为主。P 波之前的钉样信号表示心房起搏;双腔(房室)起搏器则表现为心房钉样信号加 P 波,再经过程控的房室延迟,出现心室钉样信号和增宽的 QRS。夺获是指每个钉样信号之后都跟着一次除极。夺获失败是指钉样信号之后没有 P 波或 QRS;感知不良(钉样信号无视患者自己的心搏)和起搏不良(该出现钉样信号时没有)是另外两种典型的故障。
答案: D · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
为什么是这个答案
A sudden ease in pain followed by a rigid abdomen and a rising pulse can mean rupture and peritonitis. This is a surgical emergency, so the nurse reports at once.
答案
D · The appendix may have ruptured, causing peritonitis
15.感染控制与患者安全
答案: B · Mixing up pounds and kilograms can lead to large dosing errors
为什么是这个答案
Pediatric doses are often calculated per kilogram. A weight recorded in pounds but read as kilograms gives a dose more than twice as high, so weight is recorded and used only in kilograms.
答案
B · Mixing up pounds and kilograms can lead to large dosing errors
16.感染控制与患者安全
答案: A · Inform the surgeon so the procedure can be explained again before any sedation
为什么是这个答案
Informed consent is the responsibility of the person doing the procedure. If the patient does not understand, the nurse pauses the process and tells the surgeon, before any sedative drug is given.
答案
A · Inform the surgeon so the procedure can be explained again before any sedation
17.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: D · Blood culture bottles
为什么是这个答案
Blood cultures are drawn first to reduce contamination. A standard order of draw then follows (citrate, serum, heparin, EDTA, fluoride), which prevents additives being carried from one tube into the next and distorting results.
答案
D · Blood culture bottles
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: A · Pernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections
为什么是这个答案
Pernicious anemia is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies block intrinsic factor or destroy the cells that make it, so B12 is not absorbed. Treatment is lifelong B12, usually by injection (very high oral doses are an alternative).核对依据:Pernicious anemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答案
A · Pernicious anemia, treated with B12 injections