II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1窦性心律不齐
2室性二联律
3正常窦性心律
4窦性心律伴室性早搏
12.心电图节律条带解读困难
识别这条 II 导联心电图上的节律。点击你的答案。
II 导联,25 mm/s,10 mm/mV1 个小格 = 0.04 s,1 个大格 = 0.20 s条带长度 6 s
1室性心动过速
2窦性心动过缓
3室性自搏心律
4交界性心律
13.优先排序与委派中等
A patient uses patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after surgery. Which statement by a family member shows a need for further teaching?
A“The pump has limits set by the nurse so she cannot get too much at once.”
B“I will tell the nurse if she becomes very sleepy or hard to wake.”
C“I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”
D“Only she should press the button when she needs pain relief.”
14.优先排序与委派困难
Two days after starting haloperidol, a patient suddenly develops painful neck twisting and the eyes roll upwards. What should the nurse anticipate?
AA higher dose of haloperidol to calm the patient and stop the movements quickly
BNo action, because the spasm is a sign of improvement
CPhysical restraint until the spasm passes
DAn anticholinergic drug, such as benztropine or procyclidine, as prescribed
15.感染控制与患者安全中等
为什么即使换用新针头,胰岛素笔也绝不能用于多名患者?
A笔中的胰岛素一旦共用就会更快过期
B共用笔会改变输出的剂量
C每支笔只装有一剂胰岛素
D血液可能倒流进药筒并传播感染
16.感染控制与患者安全困难
一名采取空气传播预防的患者需要紧急做 CT 检查。下列哪项方案是正确的?
A患者佩戴 N95 呼吸器,所以工作人员无需防护
B推迟检查,直到患者不再具有传染性
C患者戴口罩,提前通知 CT 室,工作人员佩戴呼吸器
D患者不戴口罩前往,第二天再清洁 CT 室
17.实验室检查值与电解质中等
A urine culture is ordered for a patient with an indwelling urinary catheter. How should the nurse collect the sample?
APour urine from the drainage bag into a sterile cup
BDisconnect the catheter from the tubing and let it drain
CRemove the catheter and culture the catheter tip
DAspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
18.实验室检查值与电解质困难
A patient with C. difficile diarrhea has a white cell count of 24 × 10³/µL and a creatinine that has risen to 2.1 mg/dL (186 µmol/L). What does this indicate?
AUnrelated chronic kidney disease
BSevere C. difficile infection
CSuccessful response to treatment
DMild infection needing no treatment
3溶液
1.护理学基础
答案: C · Patients have a legal right to request access to their records
为什么是这个答案
Under data protection law, patients can request access to their health records. The nurse explains the local process for making a request.
答案
C · Patients have a legal right to request access to their records
2.护理学基础
答案: B · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
为什么是这个答案
Routine help with care for a stable patient can be delegated. Assessment, teaching and evaluation need registered nurse judgement.
答案
B · Helping a stable patient walk to the bathroom
3.临床护理
答案: D · Low sodium and high potassium
为什么是这个答案
Without aldosterone, the kidneys lose sodium and retain potassium. Patients may also have low blood pressure, low glucose and increased skin pigmentation.
答案
D · Low sodium and high potassium
4.临床护理
答案: C · A change in level of consciousness
为什么是这个答案
Subtle changes in consciousness, such as restlessness, confusion or a falling GCS, are often the first signs. Pupil changes and Cushing's triad (hypertension, bradycardia, irregular breathing) are late signs.
更多室性心律:尖端扭转型室性心动过速是一种多形性室性心动过速,通常为 150–250 次/分钟,其增宽的波群高度不断变化并围绕基线扭转,先向上几个心搏,再向下。教科书将其与 QT 间期延长联系起来,复苏指南中针对它推荐的药物是硫酸镁。室性自搏心律是一种心室逸搏心律:规则、QRS 增宽(0.12 s 或以上)、无 P 波,频率 20–40 次/分钟(加速性室性自搏心律为 40–100 次/分钟)。单形性室速的增宽波群完全相同,频率超过 100 次/分钟。室颤则是混乱的,没有任何重复的波群。
五个步骤
1. 心率:R–R = 59 个小格,1500 ÷ 59 ≈ 25 次/分。
2. 节律:规则,每个 R–R 均为 2.36 s。
3. P 波:无法辨认。
4. PR 间期:无法测量。
5. QRS:0.20 s,增宽(0.12 s 或以上)且形态怪异,T 波方向相反。
解读
室性自搏心律
答案
室性自搏心律
室性自搏心律是一种逸搏心律:由于上方的起搏点失灵,心室接管了节律。
13.优先排序与委派
答案: C · “I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”
为什么是这个答案
PCA is safe because a sleepy patient cannot press the button. If someone else presses it, the patient can receive too much opioid and develop respiratory depression.
答案
C · “I will press the button for her while she is asleep so she stays comfortable.”
14.优先排序与委派
答案: D · An anticholinergic drug, such as benztropine or procyclidine, as prescribed
为什么是这个答案
Acute dystonia is an early extrapyramidal effect of antipsychotics. It responds quickly to an anticholinergic drug; it can be frightening, and laryngeal spasm can threaten the airway.
答案
D · An anticholinergic drug, such as benztropine or procyclidine, as prescribed
答案: D · Aspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
为什么是这个答案
The catheter sampling port is cleaned and urine is aspirated with a sterile syringe, keeping the system closed. Urine in the drainage bag has been standing and can contain bacteria that multiplied there; opening the system raises the risk of infection.
答案
D · Aspirate from the sampling port with a sterile syringe
18.实验室检查值与电解质
答案: B · Severe C. difficile infection
为什么是这个答案
A white count of 15 × 10³/µL or more or a creatinine above 1.5 mg/dL marks severe C. difficile infection. These patients need prompt treatment, fluid replacement and close monitoring for complications such as toxic megacolon. Contact precautions with soap-and-water hand hygiene are used.