练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dopamine 800 mg、容量 500 mL 的输液以 22 mL/h 输注。患者体重 80 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
800 mg/500 mL22 mL/h80 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
11.药学计算中等
一种溶液的比例浓度为 1:10 000。你需要 0.86 mg。请在 10 mL 注射器中抽取该体积:这是多少体积 V?
1:10 0000.86 mg
V = mL
12.药学计算困难
一瓶含 1000 mg 粉末。你加入 2.3 mL 稀释液,粉末增加 0.2 mL 的体积。处方剂量为 400 mg。请抽取剂量:应给多少体积 V?
1000 mg2.3 mL + 0.2 mL400 mg
V = mL
3溶液
1.护理数学与单位换算
答案: h = 185 cm
家用计量和体重:护理考试使用取整的等量关系:1 茶匙(tsp)= 5 mL,1 汤匙(tbsp)= 15 mL = 3 tsp,1 液量盎司(fl oz)= 30 mL = 2 tbsp,1 杯 = 8 fl oz = 240 mL。体重方面,1 kg = 2.2 lb,1 lb = 16 oz;长度方面,1 英寸 = 2.54 cm。设置换算时,要让你不需要的单位相互约去。
以英寸表示的身高
6·12 + 1 = 73 in
英寸换算为厘米
h = 73·2.54 = 185.4 ≈ 185 cm
答案
h = 185 cm
2.护理数学与单位换算
答案: Hb = 103 g/L
量纲分析:先写出已知量,再乘以写成分数形式的换算系数(例如 60 min/1 h 或 1 mg/1000 mcg),使每个不需要的单位在分子和分母各出现一次并相互约去。只剩下所求单位时再计算。使用题目给出的等量关系,只对最终答案取整。
转换
Hb = 10.3 g/dL × 10 dL/L = 103 g/L
答案
Hb = 103 g/L
3.剂量计算
答案: V = 1.5 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
混合后的浓度
500 mg/5 mL = 100 mg/mL
体积
V = 150/100 = 1.5 mL
答案
V = 1.5 mL
4.剂量计算
答案: D = 51.85 mg
Body-surface-area dosing: many cytotoxic and some paediatric doses are prescribed per square metre of body surface area: dose (mg) = dose per m² × BSA (m²). The Mosteller formula estimates BSA = √(height (cm) × weight (kg)/3600).
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).