练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一份含dobutamine 250 mg、容量 250 mL 的输液以 38 mL/h 输注。患者体重 78 kg。患者接受的剂量 D 是多少 mcg/kg/min? 保留一位小数。
250 mg/250 mL38 mL/h78 kg
D = mcg/kg/min
11.药学计算中等
练习题(虚构数值,不作为临床指导)。 一瓶药含oxacillin 2000 mg 粉末。练习标签说明加入 11.5 mL 灭菌注射用水;粉末使体积增加 1 mL。复溶后的浓度 C 是多少 mg/mL?
2000 mg11.5 mL+1 mL
C = mg/mL
12.药学计算困难
一瓶含 500 mg 粉末。你加入 1.4 mL 稀释液,粉末增加 0.6 mL 的体积。处方剂量为 175 mg。请抽取剂量:应给多少体积 V?
500 mg1.4 mL + 0.6 mL175 mg
V = mL
3溶液
1.护理数学与单位换算
答案: T = 36.1 °C
温度:°C = (°F − 32) × 5/9,°F = °C × 9/5 + 32。从 °F 换算时先减 32 再乘,从 °C 换算时先乘再加 32。快速核对:37 °C 为 98.6 °F,每 1 °C 相当于 1.8 °F。
减去 32
97 − 32 = 65
乘以 5/9
T = 65·5/9 = 36.11 ≈ 36.1 °C
答案
T = 36.1 °C
2.护理数学与单位换算
答案: N = 1
量纲分析:先写出已知量,再乘以写成分数形式的换算系数(例如 60 min/1 h 或 1 mg/1000 mcg),使每个不需要的单位在分子和分母各出现一次并相互约去。只剩下所求单位时再计算。使用题目给出的等量关系,只对最终答案取整。
总体积
2.5 mL × 4 × 5 = 50 mL
瓶数
50/100 = 0.5 → N = 1
答案
N = 1
3.剂量计算
答案: V = 1 mL
Dose calculation: the amount to give equals what is prescribed divided by what you have, times the quantity it comes in: amount = (desired dose/stock strength) × stock volume. Always keep the units the same (convert g to mg, mg to mcg first) and check that the answer is sensible.
Infusion rates: a pump is set in mL/h = volume/time in hours. A gravity drip is counted in drops per minute: gtt/min = volume (mL) × drop factor (gtt/mL)/time (min). The drop factor is printed on the tubing package: macrodrip sets deliver 10, 15 or 20 gtt/mL (blood sets often 10 gtt/mL in the US, 15 in the UK) and microdrip sets 60 gtt/mL. Always use the drop factor the question or package gives.
速度(mL/h)
50·60/15 = 200 mL/h
体积
V = 200·3 = 600 mL
答案
V = 600 mL
6.静脉输液速度
答案: R = 30 mL/h
Dose-based infusions: concentration = amount of drug in the bag/bag volume. Pump rate (mL/h) = dose per hour/concentration, and dose per hour = mL/h × concentration. Convert per-minute doses to per-hour (× 60) and keep the mass units the same (1 g = 1000 mg, 1 mg = 1000 mcg).